Ami/arch,illi5ym'}   Notes  on  Some  Saps  and  Secretions.  129 
Malay  or  Borneo  camphor  is  obtained  from  Dryobalcinops  aro- 
matica.  The  imports  of  crude  camphor  into  the  United  States 
seem  on  the  decline,  having  been  2,857,222  lbs.  in  1887,  and  but 
1,733,425  lbs.  in  1893. 
Canarium  commune,  Lin.  This  tree  yields  the  concrete  resinous 
exudation,  known  as  Manila  Elemi.  It  has  a  fragrant,  fennel-like 
odor,  and  is  usually  soft  and  unctuous  to  the  touch.  Its  medicinal 
properties  are  analogous  to  those  of  turpentine,  and  it  is  for  external 
use  only.  It  is  said,  however,  to  have  the  same  properties  as 
copaiva. 
C.  edula,  of  Africa,  exudes  a  similar  resin. 
C.  stnctum,  Roxb.  The  black  dammar  '  tree,  yields  a  brilliant 
resin,  which  is  used  medicinally  in  India  as  a  substitute  for  Bur- 
gundy pitch. 
Carica  papaya,  Lin.  This  tree  has  several  valuable  medicinal 
properties.  The  milky  juice  is  among  the  best  vermifuges  known. 
The  natives  in  India  repeatedly  use  it  for  children.  In  the  West 
Indies  the  powder  of  the  seeds  is  used  for  the  same  purpose.  The 
juice  of  the  fruit  is  said  to  destroy  freckles  on  the  skin,  caused  by 
the  sun's  heat,  and  the  negroes  employ  the  leaves  to  wash  linen, 
instead  of  soap.  The  fruit  is  pickled  and  preserved  for  curries. 
The  milky,  viscid  juice  of  the  fruit  has  a  singular  effect  in  rendering 
meat  tender.  It  has  this  effect  even  if  the  meat  is  hung  under  the 
tree  for  two  or  three  hours. 
Cedrus  Dedara,  Loudon.  This  tall,  handsome  Indian  tree  yields 
a  true  resin,  and,  by  destructive  distillation,  a  dark-colored  oil, 
resembling  tar,  which  is  used  medicinally. 
Cistus  Creticus,  Lin. 
Labdannm,  or  Ladanum,  is  a  viscous,  resinous  exudation  from  the 
above  species,  and  also  to  some  extent  from  C.  ladanifcrus,  L.,  C. 
Ledon,  Lam.,  C.  laurifolius,Y^.,  and  C.  monspiliensis ,'Lin.  It  is  black 
brown,  soft,  of  pleasant  smell  and  bitter  taste,  and  was  once  in  high 
repute  in  medicine  as  a  stimulant  and  expectorant,  and  recommended 
in  chronic  catarrh;  but  at  present  is  chiefly  used  in  perfumery. 
About  50  cvvt.  are  annually  collected  in  Crete,  and  some  quantity 
also  in  Cyprus,  and  sent  to  Constantinople.  Labdanum  was  formerly 
regarded  by  the  Turks  as  a  preventive  against  the  plague,  and  they 
wore  pieces  as  amulets,  or  affixed  to  their  walking-sticks.  They 
chiefly  use  it  now  for  fumigation. 
