AVa°rch,S19t.rm'}    The  Apocynacece  in  Materia  Medica.  161 
quite  rugose  in  older  barks.  It  breaks  readily,  the  fracture  being 
short,  non-fibrous,  except  in  the  inner  zone,  and  with  white  points 
rather  regularly  marking  the  brown  body.  Jn  mass  the  odor  is 
slightly  acid  ;  taste  nil  near  the  parchment-like  region,  feebly  pun- 
gent and  bitter  in  the  bark  proper. 
The  bark  is  purgative,  alterative,  depurative,  and  given  especially 
in  blenorrhagia.  It  may  be  administered  in  a  form  of  decoction  or 
by  macerating  the  powder  in  sweetened  water,  wine  or  beer.  The 
remedy  is  often  associated  with  other  plants  (Aristolochia  trilobata; 
Cynosurus  sepiarius,  etc).  It  is  also  given  in  herpes,  syphilis,  and, 
externally,  in  lotions  upon  syphilitic  ulcers. 
Plumeria  rubia  L.  (P.  flore  roseo  odoratissimo  Tournef.;  Nerium 
arboreum  Sloane,  etc.),  the  Frangipanier  rouge  is  found  in  tropical 
America,  Venezuela,  Mexico,  etc.  The  bark  of  the  root  is  generally 
employed  and  greatly  resembles  that  of  the  root  of  the  P.  alba,  and 
is  used  in  the  same  maladies  as  the  bark  of  the  latter  species. 
The  Plumeria  phagedenica  Mart,  occupies  the  valleys  in  Brazil,  the 
indigenous  name  being  Sebni-iiga.  Heermeyer  has  described  the 
anatomical  structure  of  the  bark  [Pharmaceuiische  Post,  Sept.  24, 
1893).    The  bark  is  vermifuge  and  drastic. 
The  Plumeria  drastica  Mart,  inhabits  the  Brazilian  province  Minas- 
Geraes,  where  it  bears  the  name  Tiborna.  The  bark  is  employed  as 
a  febrifuge,  anti-icteric,  drastic,  etc. 
The  Plumeria  acutifolia  Poir.  {P.  obtusa  Lour,  not  L.;  P.  acuminata 
Roxb.)  is  native  of  America,  but  extensively  cultivated  in  the  Indies. 
The  bark  has  been  employed  against  abscess,  gonorrhoea  and  fevers. 
The  juice  has  been  applied  to  carious  teeth,  ulcers  and  wounds,  and 
is  rubifacient  and  anti-rheumatic. 
QUEBRACHO. 
The  name  Quebracho  (pronounced  Qu'cbratchd)  is  applied  in  South 
America,  especially  in  the  Argentine  Republic,  to  a  number  of  trees 
of  entirely  different  families  having  in  common  an  extreme  hardness 
of  the  wood  and  being  very  rich  in  tannin.  Among  these  we  may  men- 
tion Ccesalpinia  melanocarpa,  Quebracho  rouge  (Leguminosas) ;  the 
Machcerium  fertile  Grisb.,  or  the  Machcerium  Tipa  Grisb.  (Tipuana 
speciosa  Benth.),  (Leguminosse).  It  may  be  the  Iodina  rhonibifolia 
Hook  et  Arn,  or  Quebracho  flojo,  a  handsome  Santalaceae  commonly 
known  as  Sombra  del  toro,  whose  bark  is  sometimes  mixed  with  that 
