194  Distilled  Water.  {AmiJPXSarm' 
distillate  withstood  the  requirements  of  the  authority  under  consid- 
eration. 
The  various  specimens  of  water  were  next  subjected  to  more  rigid 
tests  than  those  Pharmacopoeial  (including  Nessler's  test  also),  and 
were  found  to  maintain  their  records  for  purity.  After  boiling  ten 
minutes  with  the  permanganate,  they  were  allowed  to  stand,  tied 
over  with  tissue  paper,  for  several  days  and  under  different  expos- 
ures, without  destruction  of  the  pink  coloration.  Reference  only  is 
made  to  this  fact  now.  as  it  is  the  intention  to  give  detail  test  results 
at  a  future  day. 
The  foregoing  points  having  been  determined  in  a  general  way, 
an  endeavor  was  next  made  to  obtain  pure  distilled  water  on  a  large 
scale.1 
A  chemical  stoneware  worm  was  made  to  order  by  the  Doulton 
Pottery,  London.  It  was  I  inch  bore  and  42  feet  in  length,  all  in 
one  piece.  To  this  a  stone  arm,  connected  with  a  stone  head,  was 
attached,  thus  providing  that  even-  portion  of  the  surface  touched 
by  the  condensed  water  should  be  of  material  unaffected  by  water. 
The  head  referrea  to  sat  loosely  in  a  copper  flange  upon  the  apex 
of  the  lengthened  exit  of  a  new  copper  still.  All  connections  were 
closed  by  absorbent  cotton,  no  cement  being  employed. 
The  still  was  constructed  of  copper,  being  designed  after  the  plan 
adapted  for  the  concentration  of  such  extractives  as  I  do  not  wish 
to  evaporate  to  dryness.  In  this  case,  instead  of  the  usual  false 
bottom  for  the  steam  jacket,  a  copper  coil  is  thrown  three  times 
around  the  inside  of  the  still,  the  lower  line  beingr  one-tenth  the 
space  above  the  bottom  of  the  still.  Thus,  with  an  extract  or  resin 
it  is  not  necessary  to  watch  the  still  constantly,  for  when  the  liquid 
contents  are  evaporated  to  the  lower  line  of  the  coil,  further  evapo- 
ration ceases.  All  danger  of  injury  by  caking  of  the  residue  through 
forgetfulness  is  thereby  overcome.  The  exit  of  the  stone  worm,  . in 
the  present  case,  was  provided  with  a  three-way  glass  stop  cock,  one 
terminal  being  attached  to  a  25-gallon  chemical  stoneware  jar,  closed 
at  the  top  and  provided  with  a  stone  stop-cock  at  the  bottom.  The 
other  terminal  of  the  stop-cock  was  intended  to  divert  the  first 
portions  of  the  distillate  in  case  continuous  distillation  was  found  to 
1  After  this  paper  was  written,  the  Chemiker-Zeitung ;  No.  15.  February  20, 
1S95,  reached  me,  with  description  of  a  patented  apparatus  for  making  distilled 
water. 
