AmAJp0rUif;iP895arm-}  The  Chlorinated  Compounds  of  the  U.  S.  P.  203 
dermis  ;  c,  scalariform  tracheid  in  xylem  ;  d,  phloem  tissues  occupying  centre 
of  bundle. 
Fig.  5. — Small  portion  of  parenchyma  of  rhizome,  magnified  230  diameters. 
«,  cell  heavily  charged  with  fine-grained  starch  ;  b,  cell  containing  a  bundle  of 
raphides. 
Fig.  6. — A  few  starch  grains  of  Veratrum  viride,  magnified  1,200  diameters. 
THE  CHLORINATED  COMPOUNDS  OF  THE  U.  S.  P. 
By  Chas.  H.  LaWau.,  Ph.G. 
In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  1890  the  strength  of  the  two  chlorinated 
compounds  was  made  uniformly  higher  than  in  the  previous  edition 
of  the  same  work,  the  strength  of  Calx  Chlorata  being  changed 
from  25  per  cent,  to  35  per  cent,  of  available  chlorine,  and  the 
strength  of  Liquor  Sodce  Chloratce  being  changed  from  2  per  cent, 
to  2-6  per  cent,  of  available  chlorine. 
The  former  of  these  two  articles  is  beyond  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
pharmacist,  regarding  its  preparation,  as  it  can  be  made  more 
economically  and  satisfactorily  on  the  large  scale.  Liquor  Sodce 
Chloratce,  however,  is  prepared  in  every  carefully-managed  pharma- 
ceutical establishment,  as  it  can  be  economically  and  expeditiously 
made  on  the  small  scale,  and  is  all  the  better  for  being  freshly  man- 
ufactured. 
The  present  official  process  for  the  preparation  of  solution  of 
chlorinated  soda  is  not  satisfactory  in  all  respects.  The  principal 
difficulty  consists  in  allowing  just  enough  chlorinated  lime,  of  the 
full  official  strength,  to  produce  a  finished  preparation,  also  of  full 
official  strength. 
As  will  presently  be  shown,  the  strength  of  a  number  of  samples 
of  chlorinated  lime,  which  were  examined  by  the  writer  of  this 
article,  was  found  to  be  far  below  the  official  standard ;  but,  even 
granting  that  this  were  not  the  case,  and  that  the  strength  of  chlor- 
inated lime  is  uniformly  35  per  cent.,  it  would  still  be  extremely 
difficult,  if  not  impossible,  to  make  solution  of  chlorinated  soda  of 
standard  strength  by  following  the  present  official  process. 
In  a  series  of  carefully  conducted  experiments  upon  known  quan- 
tities of  the  substance,  whose  strength  was  in  all  cases  previously 
ascertained,  the  writer  was  unable,  at  any  time,  to  extract  all  of  the 
available  chlorine  from  a  sample  of  chlorinated  lime,  by  exhausting 
it  as  the  Pharmacopoeia  directs.    The  process  in  the  Pharmacopa  ia 
