218 
Australian  Sandarach. 
A.m.  Jour.  Pharm. 
April,  1895. 
(6)  C.  cupressiformis.  Perhaps  better  known  by  its  synonym  of 
rhomboidea.  This  pine  I  believe  to  have  been  a  good  deal  confused 
(in  New  South  Wales)  with  the  preceding.  Of  course,  the  cones  are 
quite  different.  It  is  usually  simply  known  as  "  Pine  "  or  "  Cypress 
Pine."    It  is  extensively  diffused  in  the  coastal  districts. 
(7)  C.  calcarata.  Better  known  under  its  synonym  of  Frenela 
Endlicheri.  Everybody  knows  it  under  its  name  of  "  Red  or  Black 
Pine,"  whose  timber  is  so  largely  used  in  the  western  parts  of  the 
Colony  where  white  ants  are  prevalent.  I  need  not  further  allude 
to  the  species  here. 
Of  the  above,  C.  verrucosa  and  C.  calcarata  will  be  found  by  far 
the  most  important  from  a  commercial  point  of  view,  but  the  others 
all  produce  excellent  Sandarach. 
EXPERIMENTS  ON  SOME  AUSTRALIAN  SANDARACH  OF  VARYING  QUALITY 
FROM  VARIOUS  SPECIES. 
Having  learned  what  sandarach  is,  and  what  Australian  trees  pro- 
duce it,  the  following  notes  of  observation  and  of  incomplete  exper- 
iments on  definite  Australian  sandarachs  will  be  interesting.  To  push 
the  experiments  further  than  I  have  done  would  be  more  of  scientific 
than  of  economic  interest. 
My  experiments  tend  to  show  this :  Given  similar  circumstances 
in  regard  to  size  and  age  of  tree,  season  of  flow,  climatic  conditions, 
etc.,  the  sandarachs  from  all  the  species  are  precisely  similar  in 
chemical  and  physical  properties.  Conversely  it  follows  that  if  two 
specimens  of  sandarach  are  of  different  qualities,  the  explanation  is 
to  be  found  in  the  circumstances  above  enumerated.  What  is  the 
best  season  to  collect  sandarach  or  to  bleed  trees  in  a  particular  dis- 
trict, is  only  to  be  learned  by  experience,  and  I  think  I  have  said 
enough  to  show  that  it  is  worth  the  trouble  to  try  and  find  out. 
Callitris  verrucosa,  R.  Br.  (Syn.  Frenela  robusta,  A.  Cunn).  A 
sample  of  "Murray  Pine"  resin  from  Quiedong,  near  Bombala,  has 
a  pale  bleached  appearance,  much  lighter  than  ordinary  sandarach. 
Externally  it  has  a  very  mealy  appearance.  Water  has  no  effect  on 
it.  In  rectified  spirit,  it  almost  wholly  dissolves,  leaving  a  little 
whitish  resinoid  substance.  Petroleum  spirit  dissolves  5  per  cent, 
of  a  perfect  colorless  and  transparent  resin. 
Speaking  of  "Mountain  Cypress  Pine,"  or  "  Desert  Pine "  [C 
verrucosa),  the  cateHgue  of  Victorian  Exhibits,  Colonial  and  Indian 
