Am.  Jour.  Pharm.  \ 
April,  1895.  / 
Australian  Sandarach. 
219 
Exhibition,  1886,  states:  "A  sandarach  in  larger  tears  than  ordinary 
sandarach  is  yielded  by  this  species.  It  yields  it  in  considerable 
abundance,  8  or  10  ozs.  being  frequently  found  at  the  foot  of  a  single 
tree,  but  although  this  exudes  naturally,  the  supply  is  stimulated  by 
incisions." 
"  It  is  a  transparent,  colorless  or  pale  yellow  body,  fragrant  and 
friable,  fusing  at  a  moderate  temperature,  and  burning  with  a  large 
smoky  flame ;  very  soluble  in  alcohol  and  the  essential  oils,  and 
almost  totally  so  in  ether ;  turpentine  at  the  ordinary  temperature 
does  not  act  upon  it,  nor  do  the  drying  oils,  but  it  may  be  made  to 
combine  with  these  solvents  by  previous  fusion."  {Report  on  Indig- 
enous Vegetable  Substances,  Victorian  Exhibition,  1861.) 
This  resin  was  used  to  make  firm  the  union  (after  lashing)  of  the 
hardwood  head  to  the  reed  in  the  making  of  reed  spears  by  the 
aborigines  of  Victoria.  The  resin  was  called  by  them  Bij-jin-ne. 
(Brough  Smyth,  Aborigines  of  Victoria,  i,  306.) 
A  sample  of  New  South  Wales  resin  of  this  species  is  of  a  dark 
amber  color,  and,  externally,  possesses  the  dulled  appearance  found 
on  lumps  of  amber.  It  is  the  darkest  specimen  of  an  Australian 
Sandarach  hitherto  examined  by  me.  It  almost  wholly  dissolves  in 
rectified  spirit,  yielding  a  bright  yellow  liquid,  leaving  2-5  percent, 
of  insoluble  residue.  Petroleum  spirit  removes  22-8  per  cent,  of  a 
clear  resin  when  the  original  substance  is  digested  in  it. 
Callitris  verrucosa,  R.  Br.  (Syn.  C.  Preissii,  Miq.  partly).  The 
following  note  by  Dr.  Julius  Morel  {Pharm.  Journ.  [3],  viii,  1025) 
in  regard  to  a  specimen  of  South  Australian  resin,  is  interesting: 
"  With  Sandarach  resin  may  be  connected  another  resinous  sub- 
stance, which  was  exhibited  in  the  Paris  Exhibition  of  1867,  from 
South  Australia,  under  the  name  of  "  Pine  Gum."  It  is  the  resin  of 
Callitris  Preissii,  Miq.  The  product  resembles  Sandarach,  and 
might  become  an  important  article  of  commerce.  .  .  .  This 
resinous  substance  occurs  in  the  form  of  slightly  yellowish  tears, 
thicker  and  longer  than  those  of  ordinary  Sandarach.  In  conse- 
quence of  unequal  contraction  it  presents,  like  Sandarach,  numerous 
facets,  and,  consequently,  the  surface  appears  to  be  covered  with  a 
white  powder.  In  its  transparency  and  hardness  the  resin  corre- 
sponds to  Sandarach.  Its  odor  is  very  agreeable  and  balsamic,  and 
the  taste  is  bitter  and  balsamic." 
Callitiis  columellaris,  F.  v.  M.  (Syn.  Frcncla  robusta,  A.  Cunn:  var. 
