236  Some  Derivatives  of  Chimaphilin.  {AmMay.ri895.a,m' 
DESCRIPTION  OF  FIGURES. 
Frontispiece.  — Trailing  Arbutus. 
A.  — Flowering  shoot  about  three-fourths  natural  size. 
B.  — Vertical  section  of  a  flower. 
C.  — Stamen,  much  enlarged. 
D.  — A  pistil,  also  much  enlarged. 
E.  — Pollen  grains. 
F.  — Ground  plan  of  flower. 
G.  — Enlarged  view  of  cross-section  of  ovary,  showing  axile  pla- 
centation. 
[The  above  drawings  are  reproduced  from  the  author's  Laboratory  Exercises 
in  Botany. ~\ 
Fig.  1. — Portion  of  cross-section  of  stem  magnified  230  diameters;  a,  base  of 
one  of  the  hairs;  b,  epidermal  cell;  c,  cell  of  loosely-arranged  cortical  paren- 
chyma; d,  bast-fibres;  e,  soft  bast;  /,  cambium  zone;  g,  medullary  ray;  h,  duct 
in  xylem;  i,  one  of  the  large  parenchyma  cells  of  the  pith. 
Fig.  2  — Portion  of  cross-section  made  near  base  of  leaf  of  Epigaea.  Magni- 
fication 75  diameters;  p,  palisade  tissue,  composed  of  cells  scarcely  elongated; 
h,  a  hair;  st,  a  stoma;  v,  section  of  a  veinlet;  b,  bast-fibres;  s,  soft  bast;  x, 
duct  in  xylem;  a,  spongy  parenchymatous  tissue  composed  of  large  and  small 
cells. 
Fig.  3. — Small  portion  of  lower  epidermis  of  leaf  magnified  560  diameters, 
showing  ordinary  epidermal  cells  and  stomata. 
SOME  DERIVATIVES  OF  CHIMAPHILIN. 
By  W.  E.  Ridenour,  Ph.G. 
Contribution  from  the  Chemical  Laboratory  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy.    No.  139. 
Chimaphilin  is  a  crystalline,  neutral  principle,  obtained  from 
Chimapkila  umbellata,  Nuttall,  and  Chimaphila  maculata,  Pursh. 
It  was  first  described  by  Samuel  Fairbanks  {J our.  and  Trans.  Md. 
College  of  Pharm.,  i860,  or  American  Journal  of  Pharmacy,  i860 
p.  254),  who  obtained  it  by  distilling  the  drug  of  the  former  species 
with  water.  E.  S.  Beshore  (American  Journal  of  Pharmacy,  1887, 
p.  125),  was  the  next  to  investigate  Chimaphila  umbellata.  He 
prepared  chimaphilin  by  Fairbanks'  process.  He  also  extracted 
the  dried  drug  with  petroleum  ether,  and  in  the  percolate  found 
another  crystalline  principle,  which  melted  at  2360  C.  Upon  ulti- 
mate analysis  he  found  its  composition  to  be  C10H19O.  He  believed 
it  to  be  the  active  constituent  of  the  drug. 
In  1892,  J.  C.  Peacock  published  in  this  Journal,  p.  295,  the 
account  of  an  investigation  of  both  species.    He  showed  that 
