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Examination  Questions. 
( Am.  Jour.  Pharra. 
I        May.  1895. 
EXAMINATION  QUESTIONS  OF  THE  PHILADEL- 
PHIA COLLEGE  OF  PHARMACY. 
Junior  Examination. — The  examinations  of  the  Junior  students  during  the 
past  term  were  on  the  following  subjects  : 
FIRST  JUNIOR  EXAMINATION. 
PHARMACY. 
A — (i)  Write  a  short  composition  on  the  Metric  System,  giving  as  complete 
an  account  as  you  are  able  to,  upon  half  a  page  of  the  examination  paper. 
(2)  Give  the  equivalents  of  the  following  metric  quantities  in  ordinar}'  or  old 
form  weights  and  measures:  5  Kg.;  1774*4  c.c. ;  29-573  c.c;  ]/2  grain;  T7^ 
grain.  (3)  How  many  grains  are  there  in  a  fluid  ounce  of  water  at  15  6  C. 
(6o°F.)  ;  in  an  imperial  fluid  ounce  of  water;  in  an  avoirdupois  ounce  ;  in  a 
troy  ounce  ? 
B — Define  vaporization,  evaporation,  and  distillation,  and  state  the  principle 
which  governs  the  rapidity  of  the  evaporation  of  liquids  at  or  above  the  boiling 
point  and  below  the  boiling  point. 
CHEMISTRY. 
C — (1)  Define  the  term  specific  gravity — as  applied  to  solids  and  liquids.  (2) 
Give  two  methods  for  the  determination  of  the  specific  gravit}'  of  a  solid.  Two 
methods  for  the  specific  gravity  of  a  liquid. 
D — (1)  What  is  meant  by  "latent  heat  of  fusion?"  Give  an  example  of 
practical  utilization  of  this  principle.  (2)  What  effect  has  pressure  upon  the 
boiling  point  of  a  liquid  ?  Give  an  example  of  a  practical  utilization  of  boil- 
ing under  reduced  pressure. 
BOTANY 
E — Roots.  (1)  Define  an  adventitious  root.  (2)  Name  a  common  plant  that 
bears  adventitious  roots.  (3)  In  what  group  of  plants  are  the  roots  destitute 
of  a  radial  structure  ?  (4)  In  what  group  of  plants  do  we  usually  find  stems, 
leaves  and  hairs,  but  no  roots  ?    (5)  What  are  the  chief  uses  of  roots  ? 
F—  Stems.  (6)  What  names  are  applied  respectively  to  such  a  stem  as  the 
potato,  to  the  flowering  stem  of  the  dandelion,  and  to  the  seal}-  unbranching 
stem  of  the  palm  ?  (7)  In  what  groups  of  plants  do  we  find  a  cambium  zone 
in  the  stem?  (8)  What  organs  of  vegetation  are  necessarily  present  in  a  bulb  ? 
(9)  What  is  a  supernumerar}7  bud?    (10)  Define  a  scandent  stem. 
SECOND  JUNIOR  EXAMINATION. 
PHARMACY. 
A — '1)  In  what  respects  does  eolation  differ  from  filtration  ?  Describe  the 
methods  and  materials  emploj-ed  by  pharmacists  in  both  processes.  (2)  How 
are  mixtures  of  oil  and  water  separated  ?  Draw  a  sketch  illustrating  the  appa- 
ratus used  in  the  separation. 
B — Crystallization.  (1 )  What  is  the  object  of  requiring  perfect  rest  for  solu- 
tions designed  for  crystallization,  and  why  are  such  solutions  sometimes 
agitated  during  the  cooling  process  ?  (2)  Of  what  use  are  nuclei  in  effecting 
crystallization?  (3)  What  is  water  of  crystallization  ?  (4)  Define  efflorescence 
and  deliquescence. 
