Am.  Jour.  Fharm. 
May,  18115. 
Examination  Questions. 
273 
CHEMISTRY. 
C—(i)  State  the  difference  between  a  binary  and  a  ternary  molecule,  and 
give  examples  of  each.  (2)  What  is  a  haloid  acid  ?  An  oxygen  acid  ?  Give 
examples  of  each.  (3)  Write  in  symbols  the  formulas  of  the  following  :  Potas- 
sium bromide,  magnesium  oxide,  mercurous  chloride,  mercuric  chloride, 
carbon  disulphide,  phosphorous  trichloride,  hypochlorous  oxide,  sulphuric  acid. 
D—(i)  Write  two  reactions  for  the  preparation  of  hydrogen.  (2)  Upon  what 
does  the  reducing  action  of  hydrogen  depend?  (3)  Mention  illustrations  of 
the  affinity  of  chlorine  for  hydrogen. 
BOTANY. 
E — The  Stem.  (1)  Draw  a  diagram  of  a  cross-section  of  a  dicotyl  stem,  and 
that  of  a  cross  section  of  a  monocotyl  stem.  (2)  Name  the  different  kinds  of 
buds  a  stem  may  bear.  (3)  Name  the  different  kinds  of  underground  stems 
that  plants  may  produce.  (4)  State  the  distinction  between  a  stem  and  a 
th alius.    (5)  In  what  two  principal  ways  may  stems  branch  ? 
F — Leaves.  (6)  Draw  a  diagram  of  circinate  prefoliation.  (7)  How  many 
orthostachies  on  a  stem  when  the  phyllotaxy  is  Y%  ?  (8)  The  first  two  mem- 
bers of  a  series  in  alternate  phyllotaxy  being  yz  and  y3,  what  would  the  seventh 
member  be?  (9)  A  certain  le<if  is  described  as  follows:  Petiolate,  exstipulate, 
general  outline  of  lamina  ovate,  apex  mucronate,  margin  serrate,  venation 
pinni-furcate.  Draw  such  a  leaf.  (10)  What  is  the  chief  use  of  an  ordinary 
or  foliage  leaf  ? 
FINAI,  JUNIOR  EXAMINATION. 
PHARMACY. 
A — Extracts.  (1)  Define  extracts.  (2)  Name  six  classes  of  extracts.  (3) 
What  are  "  Succi  Spissati?"  (4)  Give  a  general  process  for  their  preparation. 
(5)  Describe  Prof.  Herrara's  method  of  making  extracts,  and  state  the  theory 
upon  which  it  depends.  (6)  What  proximate  principles  are  usually  found  in 
extracts?  (7)  What  Glass  of  principles  are  best  extracted  by  strong  alcohol? 
(8)  What  class  of  principles  are  best  extracted  by  water?  (9)  Is  diluted 
alcohol  a  good  solvent  for  extracts  ?  Give  reasons  for  your  answer.  (10) 
What  influence  has  the  choice  of  the  menstruum  on  the  yield  of  most  extracts  ? 
B — (1)  What  are  scaled  salts?  How  are  they  prepared?  (2)  Are  they 
usually  definite  chemical  salts,  or  are  they  of  varying  molecular  composition  ? 
(3)  Does  reduced  iron  belong  to  this  class  ?  (4)  What  is  the  present  official 
name  of  reduced  iron  ?  What  was  its  former  official  name  ?  Under  what  other 
name  is  it  known  in  commerce  ?  (5)  Describe  the  method  of  making  reduced 
iron,  illustrating  the  process  by  a  drawing.  (6)  What  precautions  are  neces- 
sary to  prevent  the  very  freshly-made  powder  from  spontaneously  igniting  ? 
(7)  When  a  dose  of  reduced  iron  is  administered  and  eructations  of  hydrogen 
sulphide  ensue,  what  is  the  usual  cause  of  the  unpleasant  experience?  (8) 
How  may  the  evolution  of  hydrogen  sulphide  be  prevented?  (9)  How  may 
the  quality  of  reduced  iron  be  tested  ?    ( 10)  What  is  its  dose  ? 
CHEMISTRY. 
C—  (1)  Give  the  formula  for  ammonia.  State  its  sources  and  methods  for 
its  production.  (2)  Describe  the  physical  and  chemical  properties  of  ammo- 
nia, and  state  what  are  its  most  important  uses  at  present.    (3)  How  does 
