Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
May,  1895. 
Examination  Questions. 
2/5 
PHARMACOGNOSY. 
The  Junior  Examination  in  Pharmacognosy  was  held  on  Saturday,  March  9, 
1895.  The  students  were  divided  into  three  sections.  Numbered  specimens  of 
drugs  were  given  them  for  examination,  and  they  were  required  to  answer 
the  following  questions  : 
QUESTION  1. 
A — (1)  Rhizome  or  root  ?  (2)  Monocotyl  or  dicotyl  ?  (3)  Official  name  of 
drug?  (4)  What  test  applied  for  starch?  (5)  Result  of  test  for  starch?  (6) 
What  test  applied  for  tannin  ?    (7)  Result  of  test  for  tannin  ? 
B — Draw  diagram  of  cross-section  at  least  twice  natural  size,  and  point  out 
the  following  parts:  (1)  Meditullium.  (2)  Cambium  zone  (if  present).  (3) 
A  medullary  ray  (if  present).  (4)  The  endophloeum  (if  present).  (5)  The 
pith  (if  present). 
QUESTION  2. 
A — Describe  leaf  or  leaflet,  with  reference  to  the  following  points  :  (1) 
General  outline.  (2)  Base.  (3)  Apex.  (4)  Margin.  (5)  Upper  surface.  (6) 
Under  surface.    (7)  Texture.    (8)  Venation. 
B— Make  drawing  of  leaf  or  leaflet,  writing  underneath  it  the  botanical  name 
of  the  plant  and  the  official  name  of  the  drug.  Also  point  out  in  the  drawing  : 
(1)  The  petiole  or  the  petiolule  (if  present).  (2)  One  of  the  stipules  (if 
9tipules  are  present).    (3)  The  midrib  of  a  lamina  (if  a  midrib  is  present). 
QUESTION  3. 
A — The  Flower.    (In  describing  it,  use  the  appropriate  botanical  terms). 
(1)  Kinds  of  organs  present  ?  (2)  Numerical  plan  ?  (3)  Symmetry?  (4)  Reg- 
ularity? (5)  Insertion  {a)  of  calyx;  (b)  of  corolla;  (c)  of  stamens?  (6) 
Cohesion  (a)  of  calyx  ;  (b)  of  corolla  ;  (c)  of  stamens  ;  (d)  of  pistils  ? 
B — Draw  a  diagram  of  the  ground  plan  of  the  flower,  indicating  the  correct 
number  and  relation  of  parts,  the  number  of  lobes  of  the  anthers,  the  direction 
in  which  the  anthers  face,  and  the  placentation  of  the  ovary. 
QUESTION  4. 
A — The  Fruit.  (1)  Apocarpous  or  syncarpous  ?  (2)  If  syncarpous/  number 
of  carpels?  (3)  Inferior  or  superior?  (4)  If  dehiscent,  the  mode  of  dehis- 
cence? (5)  Placentation?  (6)  Simple,  aggregated,  or  multiple?  (7)  Proper 
name  of  fruit  ? 
B — Draw  diagram  of  cross-section  of  fruit,  showing  number  of  loculi,  mode 
of  placentation,  and  point  out  a  false  partition,  if  any  false  partitions  are  present. 
QUESTION  5. 
A — The  Seed.   (1)   Atropous,  auatropous,  campylotropous  or  amphitropous  ? 
(2)  Texture  of  testa?  (3)  Albuminous  or  exalbuminous ?  (4)  Texture  of 
albumin,  if  albumin  is  present  ?  (5)  Does  the  kernel  of  the  seed  possess  starch  ? 
(6)    Embryo  monocotyledonous,  dicotyledonous,  or  polycotyledonous  ? 
B  —  Draw  a  diagram  of  the  vertical  section  of  the  seed,  and  point  out  such 
of  the  following  parts  as  are  present  :  (1)  Hilum.  (2)  Micropyle.  (3)  Chalaza. 
(4)  Raphe.    (5)  Albumen.    (6)  Embryo. 
