456 
Chinquapin. 
f  Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
X  September,  1895. 
The  nuts,  or  "  chinquapins,"  as  they  are  called,  are  much  sought, 
and  so  soon  as  ripe  are  eagerly  eaten  by  those  who  first  see  them. 
88-1 16  gms.  of  whole  nuts  gave  28785  per  cent,  of  hulls  and  71-215 
per  cent,  of  "  meat  "  or  kernel.  The  kernels  were  cut  up  and  dried 
in  an  air  bath  at  no°,  and  were  found  to  contain  18-17  per  cent,  of 
moisture. 
For  the  determination  of  oil,  1 5  gms.  of  the  powdered  kernels 
were  extracted  in  a  Soxhlet  extraction  apparatus,  with  anhydrous 
ether,  for  eight  hours.  The  contents  were  poured  into  a  large 
platinum  dish,  the  ether  evaporated  and  the  contents  weighed. 
Weight  of  platinum  dish  and  oil  50,880 
Weight  of  platinum  dish  alone  49,605 
i,275 
The  percentage  of  oil  then  on  dried  material  was  8-50  per  cent., 
or  on  the  fresh  chinquapin  kernel  6-955  per  cent.    The  starch  was 
which  may  be  either  for  small  or  large  beams.  The  specimens  are  first  slowly 
and  carefully  seasoned.  In  determining  the  Resistance  to  Transverse  Strain 
they  are  generally  made  4  cm.  square,  and  are  long  enough  to  give  the  neces- 
sary bearing  upon  the  supports.  The  supports  are  shod  with  flat  iron  plates, 
and  set  exactly  one  meter  apart.  The  specimens  are  placed  upright  to  elimi- 
nate the  influence  of  this  weight,  and  hydraulic  pressure  is  applied  by  means  of 
an  iron  rod,  acting  midway  between  the  supports  when  the  deflection  is  read. 
In  these  tests  (see  Vol.  IX,  10th  Census  of  the  United  States),  the  pressure  was 
applied  as  indicated  by  the  direction  of  the  arrow 
> 
The  pressure  is  applied  slowly  and  uniformly.  The  first  deflection  was  at  1,173 
and  the  second  at  1,141  kgms.    Formula  for  Coefficient  of  Elasticity  is 
E- 
4 A  bdy 
The  dimensions  /,  b,  d,  being  expressed  in  mm.  and  P  in  kgms.   The  formula 
for  Modulus  of  Rupture,  is 
R=^ 
2dd2 
The  dimensions  /,  b,  d  being  expressed  in  cm.  The  modulus  of  rupture  of 
Castanea  pumila  is  991,  and  the  ultimate  transverse  strength  in  kilogrammes 
is  423- 
(3)  In  the  Longitudinal  Compression  Test  the  specimens  were  4  cm.  square 
and  32  cm.  long.  The  specimens  were  introduced  between  the  platform  of  the 
machine  and  pressure  gradually  applied  until  they  failed.  The  figure  given 
represents  the  number  of  kgms.  required  to  cause  failure. 
(4)  Resistance  to  Indentation.  Specimens  were  4  cm.  square  and  16  cm. 
long,  and  pressure  was  applied  perpendicularly  to  the  fibres.    Upon  the  plat- 
