ADecimbe?,hi™'}     Extraction  of  Tanning  Materials.  629 
Number  2  Beans  are  such  as  are  bright  and  uninjured  by  rain, 
weight  not  less  than  thirty-eight  (38)  pounds  to  the  measured 
bushel  when  cleaned,  and  shall  be  valued  at  five  (5)  per  cent,  less 
than  the  value  of  prime  beans. 
Rejected  Beans  are  such  as  are  slightly  damaged  by  rain,  and 
weight  not  less  than  thirty-eight  (38)  pounds  to  the  measured 
bushel  when  cleaned. 
No  Grade  Beans  are  such  as  are  badly  damaged  by  rains  or 
damaged  by  frost,  or  weighed  less  than  thirty-eight  (38)  pounds  to 
the  measured  bushel  when  cleaned. 
Americsu,  Ga. 
THE  EFFECT  OF  DIFFERENT  TEMPERATURES  IN  THE 
EXTRACTION  OF  TANNING  MATERIALS.1 
By  J.  Gordon  Parker,  Ph.D.,  and  H.  R.  Procter,  F.I.C. 
In  this  investigation  the  authors  have  endeavored  to  find  what 
ratio  the  tannin2  in  various  tanning  materials  bears  to  the  coloring 
matter,  and  how  the  same  is  affected  by  extracting  at  different  tem- 
peratures.3 It  will  be  found,  on  comparing  our  figures,  that  many 
tanning  materials  part  with  their  tannin  and  coloring  matter  much 
more  readily  at  about  6o°  C.  than  at  higher  temperatures,  and  that 
almost  every  one  has  its  own  peculiarities  in  this  respect.  To  ex- 
tract the  tanning  and  coloring  matters  a  suitable  quantity  of  the 
tanning  material  in  moderately  fine  powder  was  placed  in  a  beaker, 
at  the  bottom  of  which  was  some  pure  silver  sand,  into  which  a 
syphon  filter  was  inserted.  The  beaker  was  now  put  into  a  water- 
bath,  and  the  material  covered  with  distilled  water  and  allowed  to 
macerate  for  about  sixteen  hours,  after  which  the  bath  was  heated 
so  that  a  thermometer  inside  the  beaker  reached  the  required  tem- 
perature, and  the  extraction  commenced  ;  the  liquor,  as  it  syphoned 
slowly  over,  being  replaced  by  water  of  the  same  temperature  as  tliat 
required  for  extraction,  which  percolated  through  the  material,  so 
that  a  litre  was  extracted  in  from  two  and  one-half  to  three  hours. 
1  Abstracted  by  J.  C.  Peacock,  from  the  Journal  of  the  Society  of  Chemical 
Industry,  July  31,  1895. 
2  "Tannin  "  is  used  throughout  the  paper  in  the  sense  of  "  tanning  matters  " 
absorbed  by  hide-powder. 
3  It  will  be  apparent  to  the  pharmaceutical  reader,  that  what  applies  here  to 
tanning  materials  may  be  equally  true  of  many  official  drugs  and  their  prepara- 
tions, notably  the  infusious. — \Ed,  Am.  Jour.  Ph.] 
