86  8yrup  of  Squill  and  Syrup  of  Ipeccw.      |  "^'"rebl.'^iSs^'"'" 
and  bright.  DeemiDg  the  jelly  to  be  of  pectosic  origin  and  finding 
that  a  fluid  extract  of  ipecac  when  mixed  with  ammonia  remained  clear 
the  writer  then  employed  an  ammoniacal  menstruum  and  found  that 
both  emetine  and  resin  were  readily  and  completely  exhausted.  The 
resulting  deep  brown  solution  produced  a  magnificent  dark  brown,, 
clear,  and  permanent  syrup  on  the  addition  of  sugar. 
The  resin  of  ipecac  is  distinct  from  ipecacuic  acid.  The  resin  is 
insoluble  in  water  l)ut  extremely  soluble  in  alkalies,  especially  ammo- 
nia. The  thorough  exhaustion  of  the  root  by  means  of  an  ammonia- 
cal menstruum  lends  the  appearance  that  if  the  acid  resin  formed 
native  insoluble  (compounds  with  emetine  these  were  dissolved  by  the 
ammonia.  But  this  assumption  is  superfluous,  since  the  statement 
of  the  investigators  of  emetine  in  regard  to  its  insolubility  in 
water  is  incorrect.  Although  emetine  is  precipitated  from  mode- 
rately concentrated  solutions  of  its  salts  by  ammonia  and  unaffected 
by  an  excess  of  the  latter,  it  is  yet  quite  freely  and  amply  soluble  in 
the  large  volume  of  water  used  in  its  extraction  from  the  root.  The 
writer  found  that  when  the  ammoniacal  extraction  is  evaporated  to  a 
syrupy  liquid,  again  alkalinified  with  ammonia  and  shaken  with  a 
mixture  of  equal  volumes  of  ether  and  acetic  ether,  a  yellowish  ethereal 
solution  of  emetine  is  obtained.  This  solution,  on  spontaneous  evapo- 
ration left  a  yellowish  crystalline  residue  of  emetine.  This  when 
treated  with  water  is  converted  into  a  cream-colored  amorphous  eme- 
tium  hydrate.  The  crystals  as  well  as  the  hydrate  are  promptly  and 
perfectly  soluble  in  acids  from  which  ammonia  precipitates  bulky 
flakes  of  the  hydrate  in  not  too  dilute  solutions.  Emetine  is  further 
remarkable  in  being  much  more  bitter  than  its  salts.  Acetic  ether  is 
the  great  solvent  of  emetine,  but  owing  to  the  ready  miscibility  of 
ethyl  acetate  with  watery  liquids,  ordinary  ether  is  advantageously 
added  in  the  extraction  from  the  crude  residue.  Emetine,  although 
insoluble  in  ethyl  oxide,  is  yet  soluble  in  a  mixture  of  the  two  ethers. 
The  writer  has  invented  the  new  terms  emetium  salts,  as  for  instance- 
emetium  hydrate,  emetium  acetate,  etc.,  as  being  in  consonance  with 
ammonium  salts  or  rather  with  modern  chemistry  in  general.  All 
natural  alkaloids  being  tertiary  uKmamines  are  hence  the  atomic  equiva- 
lents of  ammonia  gas  or  NH3.  All  ammonium  salts  are  coalescences 
of  NH3  with  entire  acid  molecules  and  all  alkaloidal  salts  are  strictly 
analogous. 
For  instance,  ammonium  acetate  is  NH^-j-HAc^NH^Ac,  or  abbrevi- 
