172 
Quinium  Salts. 
f  Am.  Jour.  Pharm 
I      April,  1883. 
filtered  from  the  crystalline  sediment  of  sodic  sulphate  and  evaporated 
to  a  syrupy  consistence  or  until  all  or  nearly  all  the  alcohol  is  expelled. 
The  dense  solution  may  also  be  mixed  with  about  20,000  parts  of  hot 
water,  when,  on  cooling,  most  of  the  chloride  will  crystallize  in  better 
-defined  shining  needles. 
When  the  evaporation  of  the  dense  residue  at  first  obtained  is  con- 
tinued, nearly  all  the  water  will  then  also  be  dissipated,  and  the  product 
consist  of  the  anhydrous  chloride  in  a  fused  condition ;  on  cooling  it 
forms  a  crystalline  mass.  If,  however,  it  is  desired  to  obtain  the 
hydrite,  and  water  is  added  to  the  fused  anhydrous  chloride,  it  will  not 
•combine,  but  remain  as  a  floating  superstratum.  On  now  lowering  the 
temperature,  and  stirring  the  mixture  meanwhile,  the  hydrite  rapidly 
forms  and  the  whole  sets  into  a  nearly  dry,  voluminous  mass  of  crys- 
tals. This  shape  is  the  most  convenient  condition  for  dispensing 
purposes.  The  best  process,  however,  for  producing  the  chloride  is 
:afforded  by  taking  advantage  of  its  almost  total  insolubility  in  a  satu- 
rated solution  of  sodium  chloride.  When  any  convenient  amount  of 
quinium  sulphate  is  mixed  with  a  hot  filtered  saturated  solution  of 
sodium  chloride  the  quinium  chloride  is  precipitated  as  a  crystalline 
magma  which  rapidly  agglutinates,  and  on  cooling  forms  a  compact, 
friable  mass.  On  decanting  the  supernatant  liquor  and  heating  the 
residue  several  more  times  with  sodium  chloride  solution  all  the  gener- 
ated sodium  sulphate  is  removed.  The  quinium  chloride,  on  heating 
with  sufficient  water,  now  dissolves,  and  on  cooling  crystallizes  in  the 
usuul  manner. 
Quinium  hypophosphite  is  ordinarily  made  by  dissolving  the  free 
base  in  hypophosphorous  acid  and  crystallizing.  The  best  result  is  ob- 
tained by  dissolving  170  parts  of  calcium  hypophosphite  in  15,000  parts 
of  water,  heating  the  solution  and  adding  872  parts  of  quinium  sul- 
phate, filtering  after  the  calcium  sulphate  has  subsided  and  setting  the 
solution  aside  to  crystallize. 
The  union  of  tannin  with  quinine  is  perhaps  the  most  peculiar  and 
interesting  compound  of  this  alkaloid.  In  view  of  its  excessive  cost 
and  asserted  medicinal  inferiority  it  is  yet  considerably  used.  The 
compound's  lack  of  bitterness  is  probably  the  cause  of  its  quite  frequent 
-employment.  This  salt,  if  salt  the  ordinary  article  may  be  called,  as 
usually  prepared,  contains  a  very  low,  in  fact  the  lowest  percentage 
of  quinine,  and  is  also  one  of  the  most  insoluble  combinations  of  this 
base.    Strictly  speaking,  it  is  incorrect  to  call  the  compounds  of  tannin 
