192  Analytical  Researches  and  Investigations.  {^^'^^^{'^^'^^' 
The  finely-divided  portions  of  the  cadaver  are  repeatedly  extracted 
with  acidulated  water  (urine  and  other  liquids  being  first  concentrated 
by  evaporation),  the  combined  liquids  filtered,  evaporated  to  nearly  a 
syrupy  consistence  on  a  water-bath,  extracted  with  from  4  to  5  times 
its  volume  of  95  per  cent,  alcohol,  again  filtered,  the  filtrate  freed  from 
alcohol  by  distillation,  the  residue  in  the  retort  again  filtered  and  then 
shaken  with  amylic  alcohol  as  long  as  coloring  matters  continue  to  be 
abstracted.  Thereupon  the  acid  solution  is  heated  to  from  ^0  to  60°C., 
-an  equal  volume  of  amylic  alcohol  added  and  agitated,  the  liquid  then 
made  alkaline  with  ammonia  water,  and  again  agitated  for  some  time. 
After  the  separation  and  removal  of  the  amylic  alcohol  from  the  aque- 
ous liquid,  the  operation  is  repeated  by  agitation  with  a  fresh  portion 
of  amylic  alcohol.  The  amylic  alcohol  liquids  are  then  distilled  or 
allowed  to  volatilize  on  a  water-bath,  the  residue  evaporated  to  dryness, 
and  by  the  aid  of  a  gentle  heat,  repeatedly  extracted  with  slightly 
acidulated  water.  The  acid  liquids  are  then  filtered,  and  the  filter 
oarefully  washed.  It  is  advisable  to  again  agitate  the  acid  filtrate  with 
amylic  alcohol,  for  the  removal  of  the  coloring  matters,  and  then  pour 
upon  the  separated  acid  liquid  the  above-mentioned  mixture  of  10 
parts  of  anhydrous  ether  and  1  part  of  95  per  cent,  alcohol,  to  make 
alkaline  with  ammonia  ¥/ater,  and  agitate.  This  agitation  with  ether- 
alcohol  is  to  be  repeated  several  times.  In  this  way  the  morphine  may 
be  obtained,  so  deprived  of  coloring  matters  that  all  the  reactions  for 
the  alkaloid  may  at  once  be  applied. — Fharm.  Ztschr.  filr  Russland, 
No.  4,  1883,  pp.  49-51. 
The  Isolation  of  the  Poisonous  Principle  of  Certain  Species  of  Lupine. 
By  Carl  Arnold. — The  principle  contained  in  many  lupines,  which 
produces  the  so-called  lupinose  disease,  may  be  isolated,  together  with 
some  albumin,  by  the  following  method:  The  finely  ground  toxic 
lupines  are  mixed  to  tlie  form  of  a  thin  paste  with  water  containing  2 
per  cent,  of  anhydrous  sodium  carbonate,  at  a  temperature  of  40  to 
50°C.,  and  the  mixture  allowed'to  macerate  for  2  days  at  the  ordinary 
temperature.  The  liquid  obtained  therefrom  by  expression  is  concen- 
trated as  far  as  possible,  at  a  temperature  not  exceeding  60°C.,  after 
having  been  previously  neutralized  with  acetic  acid.  To  the  cooled 
liquid  concentrated  acid  is  then  carefully  added  until  no  further  pre- 
cipitate is  produced ;  the  acid  liquid  is  filtered  from  the  ensuing  precipi- 
tate of  legumin,  concentrated  on  the  water-bath,  at  a  temperature  not 
^exceeding  60°C.,  to  the  consistence  of  a  thick  syrup,  and  then  poured 
