^a'i Just' 1883""'}        Comparison  of  Galenical  Preparations.  39 9^ 
water  3  parts,  the  tincture  evaporated  to  a  thick  extract.  P.  G.  It 
should  be  remembered  that  the  German  Pharmacopoeia  directs  the 
exhaustion  of  drugs  to  be  effected  by  maceration  and  expression ;  in 
preparing  extracts  the  second  maceration  is  ordered  with  one-half  the 
quantity  of  liquid  used  for  the  first  one. 
Extractum  Aloes. — Dissolve  aloes  1  part  in  boiling  distilled  water 
10  parts,  U.  S.,  5  parts,  P.  G. ;  otherwise  identical. 
Extractum  Belladonnce  alcoholicum,  U.  S.  Extractum  Belladonnse, 
P.  G. — Dry  belladonna  leaves  are  exhausted  with  a  mixture  of  alco- 
hol 2  parts  and  water  1  part,  afterward  with  diluted  alcohol ;  the 
extract  contains  5  per  cent,  of  glycerin.  U.  So — This  and  other  nar- 
cotic extracts  are  made  according  to  Mohr's  suggestion  :  the  expressed 
juice  from  10  parts  of  the  herb  is  evaporated  to  1  part,  mixed  with 
alcohol  1  part,  filtered  and  evaporated  to  a  thick  extract.    P.  G. 
Extractum  Cannabis  indicce. — The  two  formulas  are  identical,  except 
that  the  P.  G.  uses  alcohol,  sp.  gr.  '832,  and  exhausts  by  maceration. 
Extractum  Cinchonce^  U.  8.  Extractum  Chinse  aquosum,  P.  G. — 
Exhaust  Calisaya  bark  with  a  mixture  of  alcohol  3  parts  and  water 
1  part ;  the  extract  contains  5  i)er  cent,  of  glycerin.  U.  8. — Exhaust 
by  cold  maceration  with  water  any  cinchona  bark  (cultivated),  prefer- 
ably from  Cinchona  succirubra  containing  at  least  3' 5  per  cent,  of  cin- 
chona alkaloids,  and  evaporate  to  a  thin  extract.  P.  G.  There  can 
be  no  doubt  that  the  alkaloids  are  more  thoroughly  exhausted  by  the 
first  process ;  but  we  believe  that  no  assays  have  been  made  of  the 
percentage  of  alkaloids  contained  in  extracts  prepared  from  the  same 
bark  with  alcoholic  and  aqueous  menstruums.  The  P.  G.  orders  also 
an  Extractum  Chinee  spirituosum,  prepared  from  the  same  quality  of 
bark,  but  exhausted  with  alcohol,  spec.  grav.  "894,  the  tincture  to  be 
evaporated  to  dryness ;  it  is  more  nearly  a  representative  of  the  extract 
U.  S.  P.  than  the  aqueous  extract. 
Extractum  Colocynthidis. — Colocynth  is  freed  from  the  seeds,  coarsely 
powdered  and  exhausted  with  alcohol,  sp.  gr.  '928.  U.  8. — Colocynth 
fruit  is  exhausted  by  maceration,  first  with  alcohol,  sp.  gr.  '894,  after- 
wards with  a  mixture  of  equal  weights  of  the  same  alcohol  and  water. 
P.  G. — The  seeds  are  not  required  to  be  removed ;  but,  in  case  the 
fruit  be  bruised  or  ground,  the  extract  will  be  contaminated  with  the 
weaker  extract  of  the  seeds.    Both  extracts  are  evaporated  to  dryness. 
Extractum  Cubebarum,  P.  G.  Oleoresina  Cubebse,  U.  8, — Cubeb 
exhausted  with  stronger  ether,  U.  8,,  with  a  mixture  of  equal  weights 
