414 
Cultivation  of  Poppy  in  Turkey. 
f  Am.  Jour.  Pharm.. 
\    August,  1883. 
are  generally  of  a  red  or  purple  hue.  So  also  are  the  flowers  of  the 
second  species ;  but  the  outer  shells  of  the  latter  are  larger  and  of  an 
oval  shape,  and  they  have  no  holes  in  their  combs. 
"  The  white  poppy  seed  is  also  of  two  kinds,  of  which  though  one 
is  white  the  other  is  yellow.  In  other  respects  there  is  very  little 
difference  between  these  two  kinds,  both  having  large  oval-shaped 
outer  shells,  with  no  holes  under  their  combs,  the  flower,  like  the  seed,, 
being  white.  The  opium  extracted  from  this  species  of  poppy  is  more 
abundant  and  of  a  superior  quality  to  that  which  is  the  produce  of  the 
first-named  species. 
"  Although  in  some  localities  the  ^  Khashkash  '  or  poppy  seed  is 
sown,  as  a  rule  it  is  only  utilized  by  yielding  an  oil  which  is  extracted 
from  it.  From  100  okes  (275  lbs.)  of  seed  may  be  obtained  a  yield  of 
30  or  40  okes  (82|^  or  110  lbs.)  of  oil,  which  is  of  two  kinds,  of  which 
one  is  obtained  by  first  pounding  the  seed,  then  heating  it  and  extract- 
ing the  juice  while  the  seed  is  still  hot.  This  oil  is  used  in  Europe  in 
the  composition  of  water-color  paint  and  oil  paint,  and  is  also  burnt 
in  lamps.    It  is  also  used  in  the  manufacture  of  glass  shades. 
"  The  other  kind  of  oil  is  obtained  without  heating  the  crushed 
seed,  and  having  a  pleasant  taste,  is  used  in  the  preparation  of  food. 
Arkara-Hissar  Sahib  (^Afion  Kara  Hissar'). — The  seed  is  first 
heated  before  the  oil  is  extracted,  which  is  then  universally  used  by  the 
inhabitants  in  the  preparation  of  food. 
"  The  oil  extracted  from  the  yellow  poppy  seed,  like  the  opium  so 
extracted,  is  of  a  superior  quality  to  the  others.  In  localities  where 
there  is  no  hoar  frost  in  spring  and  autumn,  poppy  seed  is  sown  from 
the  month  of  September  up  to  March ;  but  in  places  where  there  is 
hoar  frost  the  seed  must  without  fail  be  sown  in  the  month  of  Septem- 
ber and  in  the  spring  after  the  chilly  weather  is  passed.  However, 
seeing  that  in  most  places  there  is  hoar  frost  both  in  spring  and  autumn, 
and  that  in  spring,  even  in  the  month  of  April,  there  is  usually  some 
hoar  -frost,  and  that  after  the  month  of  April  seed  time  is  already 
passed,  in  this  country  the  seed  should  be  sown  in  September,  or  at 
latest  in  the  beginning  of  October ;  if  the  seed  be  sown  at  the  season 
mentioned  the  yield  both  of  opium  and  of  poppy  seed  is  more  plentiful 
than  if  that  operation  be  performed  when  the  weather  is  chilly. 
Description  of  the  Kind  of  Soil  most  suitable  to  the  Poppy. — The 
poppy  seed  must  be  sown  in  light,  rich  and  yielding  soils.    If  it  be 
