MANUFACTURE  OF  COD  LIVER  OIL  IN  NORWAY. 
215 
this  article  may  become  a  valuable  addition  to  the  "  Materia 
Medica,"  I  take  this  method  of  bringing  it  to  the  notice  of  those 
interested.  In  manufacturing  this  article,  the  evaporation  is 
performed  in  "vacuo,"  and  our  customers,  who  use  the  article  in 
tanning,  have  repeatedly  tried  our  make  in  comparison  with  an 
article  made  by  open  evaporation,  and  they  willingly  pay  us 
from  50  to  100  per  cent,  more  for  ours  than  they  can  buy  the 
article  made  in  open  evaporation.  This  proves  conclusively 
the  great  merit  of  the  vacuum  pan  in  making  solid  extracts,  or 
for  most  kinds  of  evaporation. 
We  are  now  selling  this  extract  at  ten  cents  per  pound, 
delivered  at  the  depot,  here,  in  boxes  of  170  lbs.,  and  will  send 
a  single  box  to  any  druggist  that  may  want  one.  Small  or 
large  quantities  can  be  obtained  from  Mr.  Iredell,  at  No.  120 
Exchange  St.,  Philadelphia,  at  a  small  advance  on  the  above 
price.  This  article  is  a  pure  extract  of  the  bark  of  the  hemlock 
tree,  or  Abies  Canadensis,  and  should  not  be  confounded  with 
the  other  hemlock,  or  conium,  as  it  has  none  of  its  properties, 
but  is  a  pure  astringent. 
N.  Spencer  Thomas. 
Painted  Post,  New  York,  April,  1866. 
MANUFACTURE  OF  COD  LIVER  OIL  IN  NORWAY. 
By  J.  Leon  Soubeiran. 
Having  been  charged  in  the  month  of  August  last  by  the 
Zoological  Acclimatation  Society  to  go  to  Bergen,  in  Norway,  to 
study  the  exhibition  of  fish  which  was  to  be  held  there,  I  have  re- 
ceived some  information  on  the  manufacture  of  cod  liver  oil,  which 
I  believe  offers  sufficient  interest  to  the  pharmaceutist  for  me  to 
make  it  known. 
Until  latter  years  the  cod  liver  oil  of  commerce  was  obtained 
by  the  crude  process  of  fermentation  or  putrefaction,  the  livers 
being  thrown  into  barrels,  and  abandoned  to  themselves  until  the 
oil  separated  and  arose  to  the  surface,  whence  it  was  removed 
for  use.  Thus  obtained,  it  is  always  colored  brown,  and  has  a 
repulsive  taste.  The  idea  of  heating  the  livers  to  extract  the 
oil  is  of  comparatively  recent  origin.    This  process,  as  applied 
