424       PRESENT  STATE  OF  OUR  KNOWLEDGE  OF  CINCHONA. 
M'lvor  increased  by  cuttings  to  the  extent  of  now  between  6000 
and  7000  plants.  It  has  since  flowered,  and  a  characteristic 
specimen  has  been  brought  home  by  Mr.  Markham,  together  with 
a  portion  of  the  bark. 
A  sister  plant  of  the  above,  together  with  another,  its  direct 
descendant,  suffered  from  an  irruption  of  smoke  into  the  stoves 
in  the  past  winter,  and  Mr.  Howard  was  compelled  to  cut  them 
down.  This  gave  the  opportunity  for  examining  the  bark, 
which  yielded  on  percentage  of  the  dried  bark  : — 
Quinine  (crystallizing  both  as  sulphate  and  as  oxalate),  .  1*36 
Cinchonine  (part  cryst.  from  sp.  w.,  the  rest  cinchonicine),  0*57 
Total,    .  1-93 
A  produce  very  much  the  same  that  bark  of  the  same  kind  and 
age  might  have  yielded  in  its  native  climate,  and  probably  the 
first  extracted  from  bark  grown  in  Europe. 
Although  this  kind  has  nearly  become  extinct  in  its  native  re- 
gions, it  may  regain  its  place  in  pharmacy,  as  it  seems  well 
adapted  to  India,  and  flourishes  on  the  Neilgherries  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  about  6000  feet. 
Several  other  forms  range  themselves  around  this  which  we 
now  constitute  the  central  plant  of  the  group,  by  restoring  its 
original  name.  Mr.  Howard  ventures  to  propose  the  following 
arrangement  of  these,  as  one  rendered  necessary  for  the  dis- 
tinction of  the  barks  in  commerce,  as  these  will  soon  come  from 
India,  and  as  the  only  way  that  he  can  see  to  extricate  the  sub- 
ject from  the  confusion  into  which  it  has  been  thrown  by  prema- 
ture attempts  at  generalization. 
Cinchona  officinalis,  P.  Condaminea. — Mr.  Howard  would  drop 
the  barbarous  name  Chalmarguera,  given  by  Pavon  to  this 
plant,  which  is  really  the  Quinia  primitiva,  as  having  been  tra- 
ditionally the  one  which  cured  the  Countess  of  Cinchon.  It  is 
therefore  worthy  to  bear  the  name  Condaminea,  bestowed  upon 
it,  and  also  on  other  forms  of  the  plant  by  Humboldt  and  Bon- 
pland,  in  whose  "  Plantes  Equinoctiales  "it  is  well  shown  in  the 
unshaded  branch,  which  is  recognized  by  De  Candolle  as  a  very 
distinct  form,  from  the  shaded  flowering  branch  producing  a 
different  sort  of  bark,  to  be  afterwards  described. 
