426       PRESENT  STATE  OF  OUR  KNOWLEDGE  OF  CINCHONA. 
forms  of  the  Loja  bark  as  to  be  best  looked  upon  as  above.  It 
is  the  Quina  crespilla,  or  carrasquena  of  the  older  botanists,  and 
the  Quina  fina  de  Loja  of  modern  trade. 
The  plant  was  found  growing  by  Cross  in  a  deposit  of  peat  on 
the  summit  of  the  highest  mountains  (the  Sierra  Grande)  around 
Loja.  These  Loja  barks  are  adapted  to  grow  on  the  roughest 
and  most  elevated  portions  of  the  Neilgherries,  and  also  to  flour- 
ish in  Ceylon,  and,  beyond  other  sorts,  to  bear  well  the  climate 
of  the  sub-Himalayan  ranges,  and  there  can  be  little  doubt  of 
their  successful  and  profitable  cultivation. 
Dr.  Seeman  found  the  plant  at  a  lower  elevation,  and  excel- 
lent specimens  were  brought  back  by  both  these  travellers,  in- 
cluding the  bark,  concerning  the  source  of  which  therefore  no 
doubt  can  remain. 
It  is  to  be  regretted  that  from  the  present  confusion  of  nomen- 
clature in  India,  it  is  difficult  to  ascertain  what  is  meant  by  the 
descriptive  terms  there  applied  to  the  barks.  If  the  above 
arrangement  could  be  admitted,  it  would  greatly  simplify  the 
matter,  and  be  practically  useful  in  its  results. 
Mr.  Howard  proceeds  to  a  review  of  the  grey  barks  of  Huan- 
uco,  the  red  barks  of  Ecuador,  the  Pitayo  barks  of  Popayan,  and 
the  lancifolia  barks  of  New  Granada,  which  will  be  published  in 
the  Proceedings  of  the  Congress,  and  directs  attention  to  the 
spelling  of  the  name  Cinchona,  or  Chinchona,  and  to  the  allied 
genus  Cassarilla,  or  as  called  by  the  Germans,  Ladenbergia. 
Nothing  would  tend  so  well  to  settle  these  questions  as  the  free 
expression  of  opinion  at  a  botanical  congress. 
In  conclusion,  the  writer  expresses  his  opinion,  that  every 
well-defined  region  of  the  Andes  has  its  own  prevalent  and 
characteristic  Cinchonas,  which  are  incapable  of  being  reduced  to 
any  one  typical  form  ;  he  believes  that  no  species  has  been 
clearly  proved  to  prevail  unchanged  from  end  to  end  of  the  cin- 
chonaceous  region,  and  thinks  that  forms  which  resemble  each 
other  in  distant  parts  will  be  found  analagous  rather  than  iden- 
tical. 
%*  Dr.  Weddel,  after  the  reading  of  Mr.  Howard's  paper, 
assigned  reasons  for  adhering  to  the  Linnsean  form  Cinchona, 
to  which  Mr.  Howard  subsequently  gave  his  assent. — London 
Pharm.  Jour.,  July,  1866. 
