"^"'■Feris^jsr'"' }  Bromine.  6  9 
ing,  the  uniform  product  2Bi03,N05  is  obtained.  What  has  been  said 
above  on  the  subject  of  nitrate  of  bismuth  applies  likewise  to  chloride  of 
antimony  Sb2Cl5  ;  it  is  decomposed  bv  water  into  a  white  precipitate 
of  oxychloride  Sb202Cl,  and  into  free  chlorhydric  acid  until  the  liquid 
contains  about  159  grams  to  the  litre,  then  it  dissolves  without  decom- 
position. Every  liquid  which  contains  less  acid^  decomposes  the  chloride 
nto  oxvchloride  and  free  acid  while,  on  the  contrary,  an  excess  ot 
free  acid  reproduces  the  chloride.  Oxychloride  of  antimony,  like  the 
subnitrate  of  bismuth,  is  decomposed  by  water,  especially  at  the  tem- 
perature of  100°  C.  C.  J.  M. 
BROMINE. 
From  Circular  No.  24,  Philadelphia  Drug  Exchange. 
We  have  been  kindly  furnished  with  some  interesting  facts  as  to  the 
manufacture  of  bomine  by  two  of  the  largest  producers  in  this  country, 
and  from  their  communications  we  extract  the  following  : 
Bromine  was  manufactured  in  the  United  States  as  early  as  1846,  by 
Dr.  David  Alter,  of  Freeport,  Pa.,  who  continued  the  manufacture 
until  about  1856.  During  this  time  bromine,  in  its  compounds,  had 
been  used  principally  for  daguerreotyping.  When  this  method  for 
taking  pictures  was  succeeded  by  the  ambrotype  method,  the  dem.and 
for  bromine  decreased  and  soon  became  insufficient  to  the  encourage- 
ment of  home  manufacture,  and  in  consequence  the  production  ceased. 
It  was  not  until  1866,  when  the  alkaline  bromides,  as  means  to  re- 
lieve sleeplessness  and  nervous  excitability,  had  been  introduced  to  and 
adopted  by  the  medical  profession,  that  the  manufacture  of  bromine 
n  the  United  States  was  resumed. 
Again  it  was  the  mother-liquor  or  bittern  from  salt  works  on  the 
Alleghany  river,  this  time  at  Natrona  and  Tarentum,  which  furnished 
the  bromine.  In  1868,  the  demand  increased  rapidly,  and  soon  ex- 
ceeded the  production  from  the  Pennsylvania  salines.  Other  sources 
were  looked  for  and  found  in  the  Ohio  river  and  Kanahwa  salt  regions. 
In  the  early  spring  of  1868,  the  first'factory  in  this  locality  was  erected 
at  Pomeroy,  utilizing  the  bitter  water  from  the  extensive  salt  works — 
the  Dabney  furnace.  Since  then  factories  have  sprung  up  at  all  the 
largest  salt  furnaces,  both  in  Ohio  and  West  Virginia,  now  the  prin- 
cipal seat  for  the  manufacture  in  the  United  States. 
The  preparation  of  bromine  is  conducted  as  follows  :  The  bittern,  or 
