Am.  Jour.  Pharm.  "j 
May,  1875.  J 
Cinchona  or  Chinchona. 
219 
cine^  as  well  as  to  any  other  derivations  from  the  word  Cinchona^  may 
I  be  allowed  a  few  remarks  on  the  origin  of  the  Linnaean  name,  and 
on  some  of  the  arguments  used  by  Mr.  Markham  to  support  his  case 
"  It  may  be  at  once  conceded  that  Chinchona  is  a  word  which  better 
commemorates  the  Countess  of  Chinchon  than  does  Cinchona. 
"  But  let  us  trace  the  introduction  of  the  genus  Cinchona  by  Lin- 
naeus, and  for  this  purpose  let  us  have  recourse  to  the  actual  volumes 
which  formed  part  of  the  library  of  the  great  botanist,  and  are,  many 
of  them,  enriched  with  his  MS.  notes.  They  are  now  in  the  posses- 
sion of  the  Linnean  Society  of  London. 
"  In  an  interleaved  copy  of  the  '  Systema  Naturae,'  published  in 
1740,  there  occurs  in  the  section  '  Pentandria  Monogynia  '  a  memo- 
randum in  Linnaeus's  hand,  after  the  genus  Genipa — '-Quinquina  Cond' 
This  is  the  first  allusion  to  the  tree  discovered  by  La  Condamine,  and 
on  which  Linnaeus  founded  the  genus. 
"In  1742  appeared  the  second  edition  (aucta  et  emendata)  oi  the 
'Genera  Plantarum,'  and  on  one  of  the  two  pages  of  Addenda  (p.  527) 
is  the  following  sentence  :  '  In  Pentandria  monogynia  post  Genipam, 
Num.  168-1021,  Cinchona.  Quinquina  Condamin  Act.  Gall.  1738.' 
In  the  '  Ordo  Generum,'  the  name  is  again  printed  Cinchona,  and  so 
likewise  in  the  index. 
"  In  the  fourth  edition  of  the  '  Systema  Naturae,'  published  at  Paris 
in  1744,  we  read  at  page  30:  'Cinchona,  ^inquina.  Cond.  Le  Quin- 
quina,' and  the  same  spelling  is  adopted  in  the  editions  of  1748  and 
1756.  Again,  in  the  fifth  edition  of  the  'Genera  Plantarum,' — ^  ah  auc- 
tore  reformata  et  aucta which  appeared  at  Stockholm  in  1754,  the  spell- 
mg  of  the  controverted  word  is  again  (p.  79)  Cinchona,  and  so  it  is  in 
in  the  '  Species  Plantarum,'  of  which  the  first  edition  was  printed  in 
the  previous  year  (1753). 
"  From  these  quotations  it  may  be  fairly  assumed  that  Linnaeus  fully 
meant  to  use  the  word  Cinchona,  and  that  its  occurrence  as  ^Cinhona  ' 
in  one  solitary  instance  in  the  sixth  edition  of  his  'Genera,'  1764,  was 
a  mere  typographical  error,  and  not,  as  Mr.  Markham  seems  to  think, 
a  proof  that  he  desired  to  spell  the  word  correctly. 
"  '  It  was  still  more  unfortunate,'  says  Mr.  Markham,  '  that  Linnaeus 
died  before  the  error  was  pointed  out  and  corrected.  This  was  done  by 
the  Spanish  botanists,  Ruiz  and  Pavon,  who  landed  in  Peru  in  1778, 
the  very  year  of  Linnaeus's  death.  They  explored  the  forests  of  Hu- 
anuco  and  Loxa,  discovered  many  new  species  of  Chinchona;^  and  are 
