Editorial. 
Am.  Jour.  Pharm 
June,  1875. 
facilities  are  offered  to  the  student  of  botany,  and  much  pleasure  and  instruction  to 
all  lovers  of  Nature.  Chicago  has  recently  inaugurated  a  movement,  looking  to- 
wards the  establishment  of  a  large  botanical  garden  ;  and  in  Baltimore  a  portion  of 
Druidhill  Park  will  be  set  apart  for  this  purpose.  In  the  last-mentioned  cities, 
pharmacists  are  actively  working  for  these  objects.  It  would  be  well  if  a  similar 
boon  could  be  secured  for  Philadelphia  5  the  necessity  has  been  acknowledged  years 
ago,  when  several  societies,  among  them  the  College  of  Pharmacy,  Horticultural 
Society,  Academy  of  N-itural  Sciences  and  others,  urged  upon  the  Commissioners  of 
Fairmount  Park  to  set  apart  a  portion  for  such  an  object.  As  yet  nothing  has  been 
accomplished,  nor  does  it  appear  that  any  of  our  wealthy  public-spirited  citizens  has 
thought  of  the  benefit  that  would  be  conferred  by  such  a  garden,  not  only  upon 
many  of  our  institutions,  but  likewise  upon  all  citizens  5  or,  of  "  the  ideal  that  would 
be  raised  thereby  above  our  present  facilities,  and  which  will  undoubtedly  be  worthy 
of  our  highest  efforts.'' 
Pharmaceutical  Examinations  in  Germany. — By  a  decree  of  the  Federal 
Council  of  the  German  Empire,  dated  March  5th,  1875,  these  examinations  have 
been  regulated  as  follows  : 
The  approbation  for  conducting  the  apothecary  business  depends  upon  the  suc- 
cessful passing  of  the  Pharmaceutical  Examination  at  one  of  the  German  imiversi- 
ties,  the  Carolinian  College  at  Brunswick  or  the  polytechnic  schools  at  Stuttgart  or 
Carlsruhe,  before  a  commission,  consisting  of  one  professor  of  chemistry,  one  of 
physics,  and  one  of  botany,  and  two  apothecaries  5  or,  in  place  of  one  of  the  latter, 
a  professor  of  pharmacy. 
The  application  for  examination  must  be  accompanied  by  testimonials  of  the 
preliminary  scientific  education  of  the  applicant,  of  his  assistant's  examination,  of 
his  having  served  as  assistant  for  not  less  than  three  years,  at  least  one-half  of  which 
must  have  been  in  Germany,  and  of  his  attendance  at  a  university  for  not  less  than 
three  semeters.    The  course  of  the  examination  is  as  follows  : 
I.  The  Preliminary  Examination. — The  candidate  has  to  write  on  three  subjects, 
one  in  inorganic  chemistry,  one  in  organic  chemistry  and  one  in  botany  and  pharm- 
acognosy.   One  da)'-  is  allowed  for  this  purpose,  and  no  aid  whatever  permitted. 
II.  The  Pharmaceutical  Technical  Examination. — Under  the  supervision  of  an 
apothecary,  the  candidate  has  to  prepare  two  galenical  and  two  chemical  prepara- 
tions, and  report  upon  these  labors  in  writing. 
III.  The  Analytical  Examination. — The  candidate  is  required  to  examine  quali- 
tatively a  native  compound  or  an  artificial  mixture,  and  to  determine  afterwards  the 
quantity  of  some  of  the  constituents.  Besides  this,  an  organic  or  inorganic  substance, 
either  adulterated  or  mixed  with  poison,  must  be  examined,  and  the  quantity  of  the 
adulteration  or  poison  determined.    Written  reports  on  these  analyses  are  required. 
IV.  The  Pharmaceutical  Scientific  Examination. — The  candidate  has  to  demon- 
strate at  least  ten  fresh  or  dried  plants,  either  officinal  or  which  may  be  mistaken  for 
officinal  ones  5  he  has  to  describe  ten  drugs  according  to  origin,  adulteration  and 
pharmaceutical  uses,  and  to  recognize  and  give  the  processes,  composition,  adulter- 
ations, &c.,  of  several  crude  articles  or  chemical  preparations. 
