"^"^  Dec%87t'"''}     'Development  of  the  Chemical  Arts,  557 
found  the  present  methods  sufficient  to  allow  of  the  application  of  ozone. 
These  endeavors  were  founded  on  the  same  observation  first  published 
by  Schonbein,  and  subsequently  placed  beyond  the  reach  of  doubt  by 
Andrews*  that  the  air  of  towns,  and  even  that  of  well-ventilated  rooms 
in  the  country  contains  no  ozone,  whilst  it  can  always  be  discovered  in 
the  open  air  of  the  country,  and  the  certainly  unproved  conjecture  of 
Schonbein  as  to  the  connection  between  epidemics  and  a  deficiency  of 
ozone. 
Latterly  Lender  has  come  forward  as  the  advocate  of  the  medical 
application  and  efficacy  of  ozone,  which  he  recommends  both  as  ozo- 
nized air  and  ozonized  water  in  tuberculosis,  rheumatism  of  the  joints, 
glaucoma,  asthma,  gout,  &c.f  That  his  exertions  have  not  met  with 
the  approval  of  the  profession  appears  from  a  discussion  of  the  Berlin 
Medical  Society,  Oct.  29,  1873,  ^^^^  under  the  presidency  of  Dr.  Von 
Langenbeck.  j  Here  the  use  of  ozone  was  defended  by  Lender  alone, 
and  met  with  zealous  opposition.  O.  Liebreich  argued  on  this  occa- 
sion that  it  was  impossible  to  convey  into  the  blood  a  body  so  unstable 
as  ozone,  which  must  be  decomposed  in  the  respiratory  organs.  In- 
halations of  ozone  must,  therefore,  be  merely  inhalations  of  pure 
oxygen,  whilst  the  disinfection  of  sick  chambers  may  be  effected  by 
simpler  and  better  means.  Nevertheless,  it  is  necessary  to  mention 
here  the  observations  of  Schone||  and  Houzeau  §  that  after  working 
with  ozone,  its  peculiar  odor  adheres  to  the  hands  for  some  time,  as  well 
as  to  garments  of  flannel  or  other  tissues.  Its  decomposition,  therefore, 
appears  not  to  be  instantaneous.  That  the  physiological  action  of 
strongly  ozonised  oxygen  is  very  important,  appears  from  the  recent 
experiments  of  Dewar  and  MacKendrick.^f  Oxygen  ozonised  by  in- 
duction, and  containing  at  most  10  per  cent  of  ozone,  killed  small  ani- 
mals which  were  allowed  to  inhale  it,  such  as  rabbits,  mice  and  small 
birds,  the  two  latter  in  20  minutes.  Respiration  was  rendered  slower, 
the  pulse  was  enfeebled,  and  the  blood  in  all  parts  of  the  body  was 
rendered  venous.  This  remarkable  phenomenon  is  considered  by  the 
observers  as  due  to  the  high  specific  gravity  of  ozone  (24),  which  ex- 
*  Andrews,  "Nature,"  1874,  p.  366. 
f  Lender,  "  Goschen's  Deutsche  Klinik,"  1872,  1873. 
:|;"Klinische  Wochenschrift,"  1873,  588,  589. 
II  Schone,  "  Berl.  Chem.  Ges.,"  1873,  1226. 
^  Houzcau,      Ann.  Chim.  Phys."  (4),  xxvii  ,  16. 
^  Dewar  and  MacKendrick,  "  R.  Soc.  Edinb.  Proc,"  Session  1873,  1874. 
