558  Development  of  the  Chemical  Arts.  {"^'"'D^eTis^sr'"" 
ceeds  that  of  carbonic  acid  (22),  and  thus  retards  the  diffusion  of  the 
latter  out  of  the  blood.  The  irritant  action  of  ozone  upon  the  mucous 
membrane  and  its  destructive  effect  upon  tissues  are  recognized  both  by 
these  observers  and  by  earlier  authorities.  Redfern  considered  in  1857 
that  in  his  experiments  oxygen  containing  i  •240th  of  ozone  proved  fatal 
to  small  animals  in  30  seconds,  producing  congestion  and  emphysema 
of  the  lungs  after  enlargement  of  the  right  ventricle.* 
Lender  has  established  an  ozone  manufactory  for  medicinal  purposes. 
It  is  announced  that  ozone  inhalations  may  be  had  at  about  yjd.  per 
cubic  foot,  or  per  cubic  metre.  The  method  of  preparation,  and 
the  strength  in  ozone,  are  not  stated.  Ozonized  w^ater,  according  t 
the  degree  of  concentration,  costs  from  6d.  to  is.  per  bottle.  Thi 
ozonized  water  was  very  carefully  tested  by  Cariusf  with  the  unfavor- 
able result  that  in  1,000  grms.,  o  0087  to  0*0095  grm.,  or  less  than 
i-icooth  per  cent,  of  ozone,  was  present.  Chlorine  and  hypochlorous 
acid  were  not  detected.  On  the  other  hand,  Behrens  and  JacobsenJ 
say  that  nothing  but  hypochlorous  acid  is  found  in  commercial  ozone- 
water.  According  to  the  experiments  of  Carius,  the  absorption 
coefficient  of  ozone  in  water  is  so  small  that  the  above-mentioned 
figures  border  very  closely  upon  the  highest  possible  quantity. 
How  great  would  be  the  influence  of  a  cheap  source  of  ozone  upon 
manufactures  appears  at  once  from  the  fact  that  in  the  nascent  state 
this  body  oxidizes  nitrogen  to  nitric  acid.  The  presence  of  the  latter 
body  in  thunder-rain  has  long  ago  been  found  to  result  from  this  cir- 
cumstance. The  manufacture  of  ozone  would,  therefore,  involve 
nothing  less  than  the  synthesis  of  this  important  mineral  acid,  hitherto 
only  procured  from  nitre. 
That  in  grass-bleaching  and  in  disinfection  by  means  of  ethereal 
oils  we  have  from  time  immemorial  made  use  of  ozone — generated  in 
the  one  case  by  the  growth  of  grass,  and  in  the  other  by  the  hydro- 
carbons— can  only  serve  to  intensify  our  longing  for  the  technical 
production  of  ozone.  Upon  such  a  process  depends  the  method  of 
bleaching  ivory,  as  it  has  been  conducted  since  1850  in  Meyer's  walk- 
ing-stick manufactory  at  Hamburg,  and  subsequently  at  other  places. 
The  ivory  is  immersed  for  weeks  in  photogen,  or  other  volatile  oils, 
*  Andrews,  "Nature,"  1874,366. 
f  Carius,  "  Ber  Chein  Ges.,"  v.,  520,  and  vi.,  806. 
J  Behrens  and  Jacobsen,  "  Vierteljahrschrift  f.  Pr.  Pharm.  von  Wittstein,"  xxii. 
230,  1873. 
