^blualy^mF' }     Centenary  of  Pharmaceutical  Education.  81 
lectures  the  more  extensively  useful  it  is  intended  to  introduce  into 
them  as  much  of  the  theory  and  practice  of  physic,  of  pharmacy 
and  chemistry  as  can  be  consistently  admitted."  Dr.  Morgan  had 
served  his  apprenticeship  with  Dr.  John  Redman,  and  in  this  capa- 
city doubtless  he  had  been  the  apothecary  apprentice  of  this  popular 
physician,  and  subsequently  he  had  served  for  thirteen  months  as 
apothecary  at  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  so  that  he  was  qualified 
to  instruct  in  this  branch. 
In  1789,  Dr.  Samuel  P.  Griffith  was  appointed  Professor  of 
Materia  Medica  and  Pharmacy,  and  after  the  consolidation  of  the 
College  of  Philadelphia  with  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1 79 1,  Dr.  Griffith  continued  this  same  chair  and  under  the  same 
title.  The  teaching  of  pharmacy,  as  a  distinct  branch,  however, 
was  not  considered.  The  University  teaching  was  confined  to  that 
considered  necessary  to  the  practicing  physician.  There  was,  how- 
ever, alive  though  dormant,  the  precepts  instilled  by  Dr.  Morgan 
as  to  the  necessity  for  a  special  education  for  those  who  intended 
to  follow  the  vocation  of  apothecaries.  Dr.  Joseph  Carson,  in  the 
history  of  the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania states,  "The  course  pursued  by  Dr.  Morgan  may  be  said  to 
have  given  the  original  impulse  to  the  cultivation  of  the  profession 
of  pharmacy  and  sanctioned  its  independent  existence." 
Possibly  the  condition  of  the  drug  trade  at  this  time,  and  the 
lack  of  control  over  the  quality  of  medicines,  and  the  agitation 
that  had  been  made  over  the  appearance  of  a  lot  of  spurious  opium 
and  other  adulterated  drugs  on  the  market  had  much  to  do  with 
awakening  the  public  interest,  and  directing  the  attention  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  authorities  to  the  apparent  need  for 
collegiate  education  of  pharmacists. 
At  a  meeting  held  on  August  3,  1819,  the  trustees  decided  that 
the  teaching  of  the  pharmaceutical  art  should  be  a  part  of  the 
duties  of  the  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and  Pharmacy,  and  that 
a  course  of  lectures  should  be  established  intended  for  pharma- 
ceutical students.  At  a  meeting  held  on  February  6,  182 1,  as  a 
further  step,  the  trustees  determined  that  the  degree  of  "Master 
in  Pharmacy"  should  be  conferred  upon  pharmacists  who  had 
served  an  apprenticeship  of  at  least  three  years  with  a  respectable 
apothecary  and  passed  an  examination  before  the  Professors  of 
