88  Centenary  of  Pharmaceutical  Education.  {^{Jru^'yPima' 
Marshall,  were  taken  into  partnership.  In  1772,  he  withdrew  from 
active  participation  in  commercial  matters,  but,  for  years  thereafter, 
continued  to  take  an  active .  interest  in  public  affairs.  Because  of 
his  militancy,  he  was  expelled  from  membership  in  the  Orthodox 
Society  of  Friends,  and  became  one  of  the  founders  of  the  "Free 
Quakers."  He  was  active  in  the  movements  in  opposition  to  the 
aggressions  of  the  Crown,  and  was  a  member  of  many  of  the 
Citizens'  Committees  appointed  in  connection  with  these  move- 
ments. It  is  recorded  in  the  Congressional  Record  that  in  1776 
Christopher  Marshall  of  Philadelphia,  the  well-known  druggist  and 
much-respected  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  was  commis- 
sioned to  look  after  the  needs  of  the  sick  and  wounded  in  the  hos- 
pitals of  Philadelphia. 
Charles  Marshall  was  born  in  1744,  and  was  well  educated  in 
the  branches  then  taught,  including  Latin  and  Greek,  and  was 
possessed  of  a  fine  literary  taste.  He  learned  the  drug  business 
with  his  father,  and  was  well  qualified  to  conduct  a  drug  store.  He 
became  the  active  manager  of  this  business,  his  brother,  Christopher 
Marshall,  Jr.,  devoting  a  large  portion  of  his  attention  to  the  ship- 
ping business,  in  which  the  brothers  were  associated  in  partnership 
with  their  older  brother,  Benjamin. 
The  enviable  reputation  of  the  Marshall  Drug  Store,  estab- 
lished by  the  father  greatly  increased,  and  a  laboratory  for  the 
boiling  of  oils  and  the  manufacture  of  Ammonia  Salts  and  other 
chemicals  was  established  on  North  Third  Street,  near  the  stone 
bridge  over  the  Cohocksink  Creek.  This  firm  supplied  large  quan- 
tities of  medicines  to  the  Colonial  troops;  those  of  Pennsylvania, 
New  Jersey,  Maryland,  Delaware  and  Virginia  obtained  their 
medical  supplies  almost  entirely  from  this  store. 
In  1 801,  Charles  Marshall  retired  from  active  participation  in 
the  business.  The  firm  continued,  but  did  not  confine  its  activities 
to  the  drug  business  alone,  and  in  a*  few  years  became  insolvent, 
by  reason  of  loaning  its  endorsement,  and  involved  all  connected 
with  it  in  bankruptcy.  This  was  a  sad  blow  to  Charles  Marshall, 
and  on  May  30,  1805,  he  addressed  this  letter  to  the  Philadelphia 
monthly  meeting,  explaining  his  financial  embarrassment : 
"Altho  my  prospects    be    thus    gloomy    with    respect    to  outward 
things,  yet  I  am  at  times  favored  with  a  sustaining  hope  that  He,  whose 
mercies  are  over  all  His  works,  will  not  be  altogether  unmindful  of  Your 
afflicted  Friend." 
