AnMaTr°cUh"  1921 rm' }       Founding  of  Phila.  College  of  Pharmacy.  171 
Indeed,  at  that  time,  the  most  eminent  of  medical  practi- 
tioners allowed  their  names  to  be  attached  to  "Formularies"  which 
purported  to  contain  the  successful  recipes  and  prescriptions  from 
the  most  celebrated  physicians  of  this  country  and  Europe.  Many 
of  our  official  compound  preparations  of  today,  still  widely  used, 
are  prescriptions  of  illustrous  practitioners  of  the  past.  Among 
these  are  Dover's  Powder,  originated  by  Dr.  Thomas  Dover  of  Eng- 
land, about  1725 ;  Huxham's  Tincture,  by  Dr.  John  Huxham  of 
England,  in  1755;  Fowler's  Solution,  by  Dr.  Thomas  Fowler  of 
England,  in  1786;  Blaud's  Pills,  by  Dr.  J.  Blaud  of  France,  in 
1831;  Coxe's  Hive  Syrup,  by  Dr.  John  Redman  Coxe,  about  1810; 
and  Jackson's  Pectoral  Syrup,  by  Dr.  Samuel  Jackson,  about  1835 ; 
and  many  others  might  be  given.  One  of  the  serious  conditions 
which  occurred  at  that  time  was  the  prevalence  of  adulteration  of 
drugs  and  medicines,  and  of  substitutions.  Indeed,  one  earlier 
authority  published  an  entire  work  upon  the  latter  subject  called 
"Quid  Pro  Quo."  Another  in  an  American  work  published  in  1818, 
justified  substitution  in  certain  cases  as  follows : 
"First,  for  persons  who  haggle  over  price  and  care  not  for  quality, 
and 
Second,  for  those  who  are  bad  pay,  to  compensate  for  the  risk  of  loss," 
and  accompanied  this  advice  with  an  approved  list  of  substitutes  for  certain 
drugs. 
The  culmination  of  the  feeling  regarding  this  condition  was 
reached  early  in  1821,  when  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  took 
steps  leading  toward  the  establishment  of  a  course  in  Pharmacy, 
at  the  request  of  the  medical  faculty. 
Resolutions  were  passed  by  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the 
U.  of  P.  on  February  21,  1821,  in  which  announcement  was  made 
of  the  intention  to  establish  a  course  of  instruction  in  pharmacy 
and  to  confer  the  honorary  degree  of  Ph.  M.  upon  certain  promi- 
nent apothecaries  of  the  city  at  that  time. 
Prior  to  this,  however,  the  Trustees  of  the  University  had 
received  an  application  in  1816  from  Dr.  James  Mease,  a  Phila- 
delphia physician,  to  conduct  a  course  of  lectures  in  Pharmacy. 
This  permission  had  been  granted,  but  it  is  probable  that  no  appli- 
cants appeared  to  take  the  course,  for  no  further  mention  was  ever 
made  of  it. 
The  Philadelphia  Apothecaries  learning  of  the  action  of  the 
University  Trustees,  on  February  21st  had  their  self-respect  chal- 
lenged by  the  move  to  conduct  a  course  in  Pharmacy  without  first 
