A         i92irm' }       Pharmacy  Hundred  Years  Ago.  187 
the  four  score  of  churches  during  service  time,  to  prevent  traffic 
from  interfering  with  worship. 
Considering  that  a  city  is  what  its  inhabitants  make  it,  a  men- 
tion of  some  of  its  leaders  may  be  in  order.  There  were  the  four 
Biddies,  Nicholas,  the  financier;  Clement  C,  the  lawyer;  James,  the 
naval  officer;  and  Richard,  the  writer.  Nicholas,  then  a  man  of 
35  years,  within  two  years  of  his  selection  as  president  of  the 
United  States  Bank,  which  made  him  America's  foremost  financier, 
until  the  unfortunate  quarrel  between  President  Jackson  and  the 
bank  officials  in  1836.  Then  there  were  Stephen  Girard,  the  busi- 
ness man  of  Philadelphia  and  New  Orleans,  who  in  1821,  was  61 
years  old,  and  William  Bartram,  the  famous  son  of  the  famous 
John,  still  living  at  the  advanced  age  of  81.  Dr.  Caspari  Wister, 
the  founder  of  the  famous  Wister  Parties,  had  been  dead  three 
years ;  Benjamin  West,  the  first  American  artist,  had  died  in  London 
the  year  before  (1820);  while  Edwin  Forrest,  a  boy  of  14,  had 
already  made  (-1820)  his  theatrical  debut  as  Douglas  in  a  popular 
play  of  that  time. 
Scientific  Philadelphia  was  as  much  in  the  fore  then  as  it  had 
been  in  the  days  of  Franklin,  Rittenhouse  and  Bartram,  and  as  it 
is  today.  The  University  of  Pennsylvania  was  then  in  its  first 
flower,  and  among  its  faculty  of  182 1  we  note  Dr.  Robert  Hare 
elected  professor  of  chemistry  in  1818,  the  great  experimenter, 
the  inventor  of  the  oxy-hydrogen  blow  pipe,  the  great  thinker,  who, 
in  the  light  of  a  disparaging  remark  made  in  a  certain  one  of  his 
obituary  notices,  may  have  been  a  century  ahead  of  his  time  as  far 
as  psychic  phenomena  are  concerned ;  Dr.  John  Redmond  Coxe, 
professor  of  Materia  Medica  (1818-1835),  known  to  all  of  us  as 
the  author  of  Coxe's  American  Dispensatory  and  curiously  em- 
balmed in  the  literature  of  pharmacy  as  the  deviser  of  Coxe's  hive 
syrup;  Dr.  George  B.  Wood,  lecturer  in  medical  chemistry,  destined 
to  become  the  second  professor  of  chemistry  at  the  Philadelphia 
College  of  Pharmacy  (1822-1831),  and  one  of  the  founders  of  "the 
druggists'  Bible,"  the  United  States  Dispensatory ;  and  Dr.  Samuel 
Jackson,  professor  of  the  institutes  of  medicine  (in  1835),  first 
professor  of  Materia  Medica  at  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Phar- 
macy (1821-1827),  author  of  "Principles  of  Medicine"  (1838), 
deviser  of  Jackson's  pectoral  syrup,  eminent  physician,  whose 
intimacy  with  the  French  pharmacist,  Durand,  caused  many  heart 
burnings  among  the  other  druggists  of  the  period.    Among  the 
