A  Mar°cuh'  1921  ™' \       Pharmacy  Hundred  Y ears  Ag o .  191 
Dr.  Ballard,  Cyrus  Holbrook,  Charles  White,  Ephraim  Elliot  and 
Thomas  Greenleaf. 
As  to  the  New  York  druggists  in  1821,  those  whom  we  still 
recall  are  Schieffelin  &  Company,  then  a  firm  of  twenty-seven  years 
standing;  John  Milhau,  who  in  1823,  retired,  spent  several  years 
abroad  and  then  returned  to  open  the  famous  Milhau  Pharmacy  on 
Broadway;  and  Benjamin,  Quackinbush,  Greenwich  and  West 
Tenth,  whose  store  is  still  run  by  his  descendants.  From  the  city 
directory  of  1821  and  from  other  sources  we  learn  that  among 
the  other  New  York  apothecaries  of  that  time  were  Peter  B. 
Brown,  Grand  and  Cannon  Streets;  Hull  and  Bowne,  146  Pearl 
Street;  J.  H.  &  W.  B.  Post,  41  William  Street;  James  Seaman  & 
Company,  49  Fulton  Street;  and  Isaac  See,  325  Greenwich  Street. 
For  information  as  to  the  druggists  of  Cincinnati  of  1821  we 
are  indebted  to  an  interesting  historical  sketch  by  Joseph  Feil,  in 
which  are  given  from  the  newspapers  of  1818  and  1819  advertise- 
ments of  T.  W.  Dyott,  wholesale  drug  and  medicine  warehouse ; 
Caleb  Bates,  Lower  Market  Street;  and  Hallam  &  Clark.  Of  the 
other  American  cities  the  information  is  only  fragmentary.  -  Thus 
we  learn  from  obituaries  and  from  patent  medicine  advertisements 
that  Ducatel's  pharmacy  was  one  of  the  leading  drug  stores  of 
Baltimore ;  that  William  Gunton  was  established  in  Washington ; 
that  E.  &  R.  H.  Stabler  conducted  the  drug  store  in  Alexandria, 
from  which  sprang  R.  H.  Stabler,  the  eighteenth  president  of  the 
American  Pharmaceutical  Association;  that  William  McKean  was 
established  in  New  Orleans. 
As  to  the  actual  drug  business  of  1821,  we  have  a  mirror  of 
its  materia  medica  in  the  United  States  Pharmacopoeia  of  1820. 
The  druggist  made  almost  all  of  the  medicines  that  he  dispensed. 
Thus  the  U.  S.  P.  1820  provided  recipes  for  such  chemicals  as 
prussic  acid,  sulphuric  ether,  silver  nitrate,  bismuth  subnitrate, 
calomel,  corrosive  sublimate  and  zinc  oxide  (flowers  of  zinc),  and 
record  shows  that  independent  chemical  works  were  just  in  the 
process  of  organization  (e.  g.  Farr  and  Kunzi,  1818;  Rosengarten  & 
Zeitler,  1822).  All  pharmaceuticals  were  prepared  by  the  apothe- 
cary except  some  special  ones,  ,  mainly  of  French  origin,  as  at  that 
time  the  French  were  the  premier  pharmacists  of  the  world.  Tes- 
timony to  this  effect  is  given  by  D.  B.  Smith  concerning  Charles 
■  Marshall,  while  it  can  be  added  that  the  tremendous  vogue  of  Elias 
Durand  was  due  to  the  fact  that  he  was  a  French-trained  pharma- 
