204  Influence  of  Pharmacists  on  Chemistry.  \AtmI°^' imrm' 
they  erected  at  Nineteenth  and  Pine  Streets,  John  Carter  becoming 
their  apprentice  January  i,  1816. 
"The  list  of  chemicals  produced  by  Carter  &  Scattergood  was 
an  extensive  one,  John  Carter  being  the  manufacturer  and  Joseph 
Scattergood,  the  business  man  of  the  concern.  It  included  citric, 
tartaric,  oxalic,  nitric  and  sulphuric  acids,  bichromate  and  prussiates 
of  potash  and  many  other  articles,  but  their  operations  during  the 
first  ten  years  of  their  business  were  on  a  scale  which  in  this  day 
would  be  considered  quite  small. 
"Yellow  prussiate  of  potash  was  first  made  by  them  in  1834 
(that  being,  so  far  as  known,  the  first  production  of  the  article 
in  iVmerica),  but  the  demand  was  very  small,  only  472  lbs.  being! 
absorbed  by  the  market  in  that  year.  In  1835,  the  sales  increased 
to  6443  lbs.,  but  it  was  not  until  1843  that  the  demand  became 
large,  the  sales  amounting  in  that  year  to  69,470  lbs.  and  rapidly 
increasing  in  the  next  two  years,  the  sales  in  1845  being  207,522  lbs. 
"The  high  price,  over  50  cents  per  lb.,  and  the  keen  demand, 
of  course,  resulted  in  active  competition,  and  the  market  for  many 
years  was  over-supplied. 
"In  the  year  1846,  Carter  &  Scattergood  began  to  produce  red 
prussiate  of  potash,  being  the  first  in  America.  This  was  a  highly 
profitable  branch  of  the  business  until  the  introduction  of  coal-tar 
dyes,  as  substitutes  for  prussiate  colors  on  woolen  goods,  gradually 
displaced  it  in  the  most  important  field  of  consumption.  Except 
for  the  manufacture  of  Blue-Print  Paper,  there  is  now  very  little 
demand  for  it." 
Potash  and  ammonia  alums  were  first  made  in  Philadelphia 
by  Chas.  Lenning  in  1837  and  by  Harrison  Bros,  in  1840. 
Coming  now  to  the  early  manufacture  of  medicinal  or  phar- 
maceutical chemicals  which  has  long  made  Philadelphia  famous, 
we  find  that  George  D.  Rosengarten  and  Charles  Zeitler,  as  Rosen- 
garten  &  Zeitler,  began  the  manufacture  of  chemicals  in  St.  John 
Street,  Philadelphia,  about  1822.  They  were  the  first  to  manu- 
facture the  alkaloids  of  cinchona  and  opium  in  this  country,  having 
begun  the  manufacture  of  sulphate  of  quinine  in  1823,  of  sulphate  of 
morphine  in  1832,  and  strychnine  in  1834.  The  salts  of  quinine 
were  also  manufactured  by  John  Farr  in  1825. 
These  two  firms  and  their  successors  have  had  much  to  do 
with  the  establishment  of  Philadelphia  as  a  chemical  manufacturing 
center.    After  the  withdrawal  of  Mr.  Zeitler,  which  took  place 
