Am'oJcTri92i arm" }       Address  of  Francis  P.  Garvan  669 
in  turn  well  served  the  militaristic  state.  As  chemical  progress  in- 
dexed commercial  progress,  so  explosives  had  kept  pace  with  dyes 
and  pharmaceuticals,  the  ammunition  factories  of  her  peaceful  pene- 
tration were  the  arsenals  of  her  munitions  preparation. 
"In  the  fall  of  19 13,  the  chemical  application  of  Perkin's  dis- 
covery was  able  to  notify  the  war  lord  that  Germany  was  ready ; 
that  she  controlled  95  per  cent,  of  the  organic  chemistry  of  the 
world,  upon  which  industry  and  the  production  of  war  gases  and 
explosives  were  dependent;  that  she  had  crushed  out  every  incipient 
effort  toward  the  development  of  the  Perkin  discoveries  by  every 
other  nation  and  was  able  to  deal  the  dependent  industries  of  those 
nations  tremendous  blows,  and  that  now  by  the  final  triumph  in 
the  development  of  the  Haber  processes  of  making  nitrates  from  the 
air,  her  agricultural  production  and  munition  production  were  safe 
from  the  menace  of  ony  blockade.   You  know  the  rest. 
"All  this  German  chemists  accomplished  not  alone  in  their 
laboratories,  but  in  the  forum  of  public  opinion.  They  had  educated 
and  moulded  thought  in  Germany  until  every  man  of  whatever  rank, 
in  or  out  of  industry,  education  or  governmental  service,  realized  the 
importance  of  chemistry  in  his  life  and  in  the  life  of  his  country. 
They  knew  that  the  alliance  of  science,  and  industry  had  increased 
the  wealth  of  the  world  a  thpusandfold  in  the  past  hundred  years. 
They  knew  that  it  was  the  life  blood  of  industry;  they  knew  it  was 
the  safety  of  their  state  and  the  only  sure  foundation  upon  which 
to  base  the  hope  of  the  health  of  their  children's  children,  and  they 
had  impressed  upon  the  world  the  discouraging  and  withering  idea 
that  the  Germans  and  the  Germans  alone  were  mentally  equipped 
to  lead  in  this  great  age  of  chemistry." 
As  an  instance  of  the  foresight  of  German  chemical  interests, 
Mr.  Garvan  told  how  "prior  to  1908  German  patent  laws  contained 
the  so-called  working  clause,  by  which  your  inventions,  if  patented 
in  Germany,  must  be  worked  there  within  a  certain  period  of  time 
or  they  were  thrown  open  to  the  German  manufacturers  and  develop- 
ers. Agitation  was  rife  in  this  country  that  we  should  protect  ourf 
future  in  like  manner.  But  by  1908,  Germany  had  decided  that 
she  had  so  far  advanced  in  science  that  she  no  longer  needed  that 
clause  to  protect  herself  and  that  if  enacted  by  the  United  States, 
it  would  threaten  her  control  of  organic  chemistry  in  the  world 
and  destroy  the  purposes  upon  which  she  was  bent. 
