Am.  Jour.  Pharm.  "I 
Nov.,  1921.  / 
Book  Reviews. 
811 
A  large  number  of  the  members,  with  their  wives  and  friends, 
took  advantage  of  this  opportunity  to  view  the  largest  biological 
laboratories  in  this  country,  if  not  in  the  world,  to  see  how  anti- 
toxins, vaccines,  serobacterins,  etc.,  are  made,  and  to  see  many  of 
the  actual  operations,  such  as  injecting  and  bleeding  of  horses,  etc. 
Special  trains  had  been  provided  by  the  H.  K.  Mulford  Com- 
pany for  conveying  the  visitors  to  and  from  the  laboratories.  Re- 
freshments were  served  on  the  grounds,  and  there  was  a  barn 
dance  for  the  amusement  of  those  who  were  not  particularly  in- 
terested in  the  scientific  work. 
A  feature  which  attracted  special  attention  was  the  parade  of 
immunized  horses,  in  which  these  handsome  and  noble  beasts^  passed 
proudly  in  review,  as  though  conscious  of  the  great  service  they 
are  rendering  to  humanity. 
BOOK  REVIEWS 
Osmotische  Untersuchungen.  Studien  zur  Zellmechanik  von 
Dr.  W.  Pfeffer.  Second,  unchanged  edition,  with  five  wood- 
cuts.   Leipzig,  William  Englemann. 
Dr.  Pfeffer  was  Professor  of  Botany  in  Basel  when  he  under- 
took a  series  of  investigations  into  the  phenomena  of  osmosis,  the 
results  of  which  proved  one  of  the  most  important  phases  in  the  de- 
velopment of  physical  chemistry.  The  volume  in  hand  is  a  reprint 
of  his  work,  published  in  1876,  issued  as  a  memorial  of  the  author, 
who  died  in  January,  1920.  The  history  of  the  subject  shows,  as 
usual  in  science,  a  very  early  anticipation  of  the  general  features  of 
the  investigation,  Pfeffer  giving  in  his  book  a  summary  of  the  data. 
As  early  as  1748,  the  Abbe  Nollet  noted  osmotic  action,  but  his 
work  attracted  so  little  attention  that  a  later  investigator,  Frscher, 
was  considered  by  many  as  the  discoverer.  In  the  second  quarter 
of  the  nineteenth  century,  Dutrochet  made  investigations  and  intro- 
duced the  terms  "endosmose"  and  "exosmose"  for  the  respective 
movements  of  currents  in  and  out  of  the  cell.  As  far  as  national- 
istic feelings  are  concerned,  the  honors  appear,  indeed,  to  be  fairly 
easy;  the  names  of  Pfeffer,  Dutrochet  and  Graham  being  about 
equally  prominent  in  the  early  history.    Graham's  early  results  in 
