832  Pharmacy  and  Pre-Medical  Schools.   { Amb{^i£iarm" 
American  Medical  Association,  but  practically  all  the  medical 
schools  in  the  country  and  also  by  the  laws  governing  medical  prac- 
tice in  a  majority  of  the  States  in  the  Union. 
Thirty-six  of  the  United  States  require  two  years  of  college 
education  as  preliminary  to  the  study  of  medicine,  and  four  others 
require  one  year  of  college  education.  Of  thirty-one  States,  of 
whose  requirements  I  have  record,  twenty-seven  specify  that  a 
portion  of  this  preliminary  education  must  be  devoted  to  the  sub- 
jects of  physics,  chemistry  and  biology  and  sixteen  of  them  in- 
clude also  a  modern  language.  In  only  four  of  these  thirty-one 
States  is  there  no"  restriction  as  to  the  subjects  to  be  studied.  The 
rules  of  the  Council  on  Education  of  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion require,  in  addition  to  a  high  school  education,  two  years  in  an 
"approved  college  of  arts  and  science"  which  must  cover  a  mini- 
mum sixty  semester  hours  and  include  a  certain  number  of  hours 
in  specified  subjects.  These  are  shown  in  Table  No.  1,  column  1.  In 
addition  to  the  obligatory  subjects  mentioned  in  this  table  the  Coun- 
cil on  Education  "strongly  urge"  that  a  portion  of  the  elective  time 
be  devoted  to  a  foreign  language,  botany,  zoology  and  psychology. 
As  an  example  of  requirements  which  are  distinctly  in  excess 
of  the  minimal  outlined  by  the  Council  on  Education  we  may  take 
the  entrance  requirements  of  Johns  Hopkins  University.  There  are 
other  schools  in  the  country  whose  entrance  requirements  are  as 
high  or  even  more  strict  than  that  of  Johns  Hopkins  but  I  have 
chosen  this  school  because,  while  it  does  not  insist  upon  a  collegiate 
degree,  it  requires  an  amount  of  preliminary  education  which  cannot 
be  finished  in  two  years.  The  conditions  for  entrance  into  Johns 
Hopkins  University  Medical  School  are  shown  in  column  two  of  the 
table. 
In  order  to  ascertain  how  nearly  these  conditions  of  preliminary 
education  may  be  fulfilled  in  a  college  of  pharmacy,  I  have  sum- 
med up  the  amount  of  time  devoted  to  the  various  subjects  which  are 
either  requisite  or  highly  desirable  as  a  preliminary  to  medical  study, 
in  the  first  two  years  of  three  schools  of  pharmacy  which  offer  a 
four-years'  course  leading  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science  in 
either  pharmacy  or  chemistry.  The  curricula  of  these  three  schools, 
which  are  fairly  typical,  have  been  tabulated  in  the  columns  marked 
1,  2  and  3  in  the  table. 
