524 
The  Significance  of  Education. 
5  Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
I     August,  1921. 
(3)  A  confusion  between  the  two  systems,  becoming  a  most 
prolific  source  of  error  and  expense. 
(4)  A  cost  appalling  in  its  magnitude  represented  by  the 
change  involved  in  deciding  on  new  standards,  making  new  drawings, 
tools,  fixtures,  etc.,  which  would  seriously  threaten  during  the  transi- 
tion period  at  least,  our  system  of  "interchangeabe"  parts. 
(5)  The  re-calculation  and  establishment  of  new  prices  for 
every  commodity  raised  and  manufactured  to  conform  with  the  new 
standards  of  length,  weight  and  volume.  (New  catalogue.) 
(6)  The  re-standarization  of  the  products  of  industry  and 
the  re-writing  of  practically  all  our  technical  literature. 
There  are  many  important  points  raised  by  both  sides,  and  there 
is  need  of  careful  consideration  before  formulating  a  decided  opin- 
ion on  the  subject. 
I.  G. 
ORIGINAL  PAPERS 
THE  SIGNIFICANCE  OF  EDUCATION. 
By  William  H.  Carpenter,  Ph.  D. 
Provost  of  Columbia  University. 
AN  ADDRESS  DELIVERED  AT  THE  CENTENNIAL  EXERCISES  OF  THE  PHILA- 
DELPHIA COLLEGE  OF  PHARMACY  AND  SCIENCE,  TUESDAY,  JUNE 
14,  1 921. 
In  a  search  in  the  Columbia  University  Library  recently  for  ma- 
terial bearing  upon  the  early  history  of  medical  education  in  New 
York,  we  came  across  a  pamphlet  containing  the  address  delivered 
at  the  Commencement,  in  1819,  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  now  of  Columbia  University,  at  that  time  under  the  tem- 
porary jurisdiction  of  the  University  of  the  State  of  New  York,  by 
Dr.  Samuel  Bard,  President  of  the  College.  Dr.  Bard,  who  was 
born  in  your  good  City  of  Philadelphia  in  1742,  had  been  Professor 
of  the  Practice  of  Medicine  in  old  King's  College  before  the  Revolu- 
tion ;  he  had  become  in  due  time  the  chief  practitioner  of  medicine  in 
the  City  and  Province  of  New  York,  and  had  the  distinction  of  being 
the  family  physician  of  George  Washington.  The  address,  which  is 
a  truly  remarkable  one  both  as  a  statement  and  a  prophecy,  begins 
