Amsep°tTi92Lrm'}     High-Lights  in  History  of  Phila.  C.  of  Phar.  613 
sulphate  and  morphine  acetate  were  first  manufactured  (in 
this  country)  by  George*  D.  Rosengarten  in  1832 ;  and 
the  mercurials  and  strychnine  sulphate  in  1834"  (Rosengarten 
and  Sons,  by  William  Mclntyre,  American  Journal  of 
Pharmacy,  1904,  303).  All  of  which  activities  were  doubt- 
less inspired  by  the .  spirit  of  original  research  developed  by 
the  College.  And  William  Procter's  discovery  of  the  properties  of 
the  salicylates  (1842)  led  to  the  manufacture  of  synthetic  oil  of 
wintergreen  and  the  salicylates.  Thomas  J.  Husband  first  developed 
(1837)  the  manufacture  of  heavy  magnesia  in  this  country.  Robert 
Shoemaker  first  made  (1848)  glycerin  commercially.  Charles  Shiv- 
ers first  developed  the  manufacture  of  adhesive  plaster,  making 
enormous  quantities  for  the  Government  during  the  Civil  War.  Wil- 
liam R.  Warner  first  made  (1857)  sugar-coated  pills.  Alfred  Mel- 
lor  and  Henry  N.  Rittenhouse  first  developed  the  manufacture  of 
licorice  extract.  And  C.  Lewis  Diehl  and  William  Procter,  Jr.,  first 
made  the  process  of  percolation  commercially  practicable. 
The  most  important  discovery  of  the  Twentieth  Century — as 
important  as  that  of  morphine,  strychnine  and  quinine  one  hundred 
years  ago — was  that  of  diphtheria  antitoxin  by  Behring  in  collabora- 
tion with  Kitasato  and  Wernicke  in  1890  and  1892.  This  discovery  re- 
duced the  mortality  of  diphtheria  from  40  per  cent,  to  less  than  10 
per  cent,  and  saved  millions  of  lives.  Tetanus  antitoxin  was  dis- 
covered by  Behring  and  Kitasato  in  1892.  During  the  World  War 
its  value  as  a  life-saver  was  amply  demonstrated.  Ten  per  cent, 
of  the  wounded  on  the  battlefields  of  France  were  attacked  by  the 
tetanus  bacillus  and  90  per  cent,  of  these  died  of  lockjaw.  The 
call  came  for  tetanus  antitoxin  and  millions  of  doses  were  sup- 
plied to  the  armies  of  the  Allies,  resulting  in  the  control  of  the  deadly 
infection.  These  discoveries  were  speedily  followed  by  others  of 
equal  value  as  life-savers.  Typhoid  fever,  which  hitherto  had  killed 
more  soldiers  than  the  bullets  of  the  enemy  was  banished  from  the 
armies  by  anti-typhoid  vaccination. 
It  is  a  matter  of  pride  to  us  that  these  wonderful  discoveries 
have  largely  been  made  available  by  our  fellow  alumni-graduates  of 
the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy,  as  the  H.  K.  Mulford  Com- 
pany, the  earliest  and  largest  producers  of  biologic  products  in  this 
country,  and  who  so  promptly  and  successfully  met,  by  means  of  an 
immense  reserve  stock,  the  call  of  the  allied  armies  for  such  products 
during  the  World  War. 
