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lum; intervallum coefficient 2mm : 8mm. ‘The outer wall 
has four vertical rows of minute alternating pores per 
mm. The inner wall has two vertical rows of larger 
square or polygonal pores per m.m, The intervallum is 
filled by a fine reticular tissue, each mesh of which meas- | 
ures some .ömm; the elements of this mesh show distinct |! 
though irregular traces both of a radial and a Iongitudin- 
al arrangement, but this is hardly definite enough to jus- | 
tify inclusion of the species in the genus Spirocyathus; | 
this arrangement of the intervallum tissue gives in cross 
section somewhat the appearance of a “Graphic granite," 
hence the specific name. The specimens appear to con- 
tinue downwards into a “spitz,” without change of char- 
acter or development of roof tissue, as a specimen 3mm. 
diameter shows the same features, intervallum coefficient 
imm : imm. This species is not uncommon in the brown {i 
limestone, but appears to have been missed by Taylor; 
the narrow intervallum at once distinguishes it from his 
species of Spirocyathus and Protopharetra. 
Spirocyathus major (new species). Fig. 24. 
Nearly cylindrical tube with wavy outer wall, the inner 
wall remaining cylindieal; intervallum coefficient 6mm. : 
10mm. The outer wall is for the most part obscured by 
secondary silicification. Septa curved and anastomosing, 
with large pores up to 1mm. diameter; they are fairly 
regular near the outer wall, where they are about 1.7 
mm. apart, and become more irregular outwards, -with 
more tendency to curve and anastomose and to become 
united by synapticulae. The inner wall pores are very 
large and regular, 1.7mm. across. The species differs 
from either of Taylor’s in having much fewer septa and 
much larger pores to inner wall. Only one specimen has 
been found. i 
Spirocyathus speciosus (new species). Fig 25. 
Conical, with wavy outer wall; intervallum coefficient 
4mm : 4mm. The outer wall is for the most part ob- 
scured by secondary silicification, but at one concave sur- 
face just above an angular wave in the wall uniform cir- 
cular pores are clearly seen. two to Imm. Тһе structure 
is not unlike that of S. Major, but on a smaller scale. 
The pores of inner wall are large and regular, 1mm. 
across, one or two to intercept; in the upper part of the 
specimen the width is greater than the depth and they 
We unite Metaldetes and the three new genera in a new 
family, Metacyathidae. The essential feature of the fam- 
ily is that whilst possessing radial septa and a central 
cavity in the upper part of the cup, as in normal Archaeo- 
cyathinae, these forms, instead of terminating below in a 
small spitz which retains the normal structure (with or 
without root tissue), terminate in 2 comparatively broad 
base in which the central cavity is obliterated and the 
septa give place to an irregular mass of vesicular and 
trabecular tissue. 
| Metaldetes conicus (new species). Figs. 26, 28, 31. 
Upper part a conical tube; intervallum coefficient 7mm. 
: i4mm. Outer wall has two rows of irregular pores to 
| intercept, partially closed at the outer surface by a finely 
porous and papilate network. The septa average 1.5mm. 
apart with pores about .3mm. diameter, Imm. apart. The 
inner wall is a delicate spongy network, with a large- 
pored irregular framework on septal side, supporting a 
fine-pored irregular net on central cavity side. This 
spongy pore system is rather similar in the two walls, 
and is unusual in the Archaeocyathinae. The specimen 
shows the base of a large side branch, 18mm.. diameter. 
Coming to a lower part of the cup, dissepimental tissue is 
& marked feature, as shown in the lower part of fig. 26. 
A broken fragment of the same specimen, evidently from 
a still lower level, has little trace of septa and no cen- 
tral cavity. This fragment is not figured, but another 
specimen, probably of the same species, is shown in fig. 
31. The base of the side branch in the type specimen 
above referred to consists of similar vesicular tissue. An- 
other specimen, shown in fig. 28, is a still larger upper 
{ part of a similar conical cup; intervallum coefficient 10 
mm. : 30mm. This is the same or a nearly related spec- 
ı ies, but scattered dissepimental tissue is still present аб 
' this high level. 
Metafungia reticulate (new genus and species). Fig. 23. 
Conical; upper part with radial septa; intervallum co- 
efficient 6mm. : 15mm. The outer wall nas an underlying 
coarse porous net-work, supporting an outer net with 
very fine and numerous irregular pores. The septa are 
about Imm. apart on average; each consists of a delicate 
net with very numerous and regularly arranged large cir- 
lead upwards and inwards into the central cavity, giving | cular pores, about .5mm. diameter; from the nodes of this 
а crescentic section to the pores. The whole structure of | 
the cup is open and delicate and, while it is on a finer 
Scale than S. major, the sepia are less numerous and the 
inner wall pores larger than in Taylor's species. No root q 
tissue has been seen. Only one specimen has been found, 
but it is excellently preserved. 
Family METACYATHIDAE (new family). 
Taylor деѕсгїреѕ a species, Metaldetes cylindricus, of 
which he says “I find considerable difficulty in classifying 
"Metaldetes'"; he places it as an annex to his family Spiro- 
cyathidae. "Taylor's species was founded on  unsilicified 
specimens from a different locality, but we have found 
no fewer than five new species which are well silicified, 
and differ from Taylor's species in some respects while 
agreeing in others. These new forms are of remarkable 
character and some differ so wide!y from Metaldetes as 
to require the formation ot three new genera, which we 
have named Metafungia Metacyathus and Metacoseinus. 
net arise numerous regularly arranged synapticulae, about 
| lmm. apart, uniting neighboring septa. The inner wall 
has two rows of regular fairly large polygonal pores to 
each intercept. The cup terminates below in a base 12 
mm. diameter in which septa are largely replaced by an 
t irregular vesicular tissue, which also fills the central cav- 
' ity; from the base proceed large root masses. Only one 
' specimen has been found. 
The conical shape and the smaller size of the pores of 
inner wall distinguish. this species from Taylor's Archaeo- 
fungia Ajax. 
The genus Metafungia may be defined as Metacyathidae 
having numerous regularly arranged synapticulae in the 
upper part of the cup. ; 
2 
Metacyathus Taylori (new genus and species). Fig. 30. 
The upper part is a large irregular cylindrical tube, 
with relatively small central cavity; intervallum coeflici- | 
