GLEANINGS  FROM  GERMAN  JOURNALS. 
395 
Codamine — C19H23NO3 — forms  large  colorless  prisms,  readily 
soluble  in  boiling  water,  in  alcohol,  ether,  chloroform  and  ben- 
zene ;  its  solutions  blue  red  litmus  paper  and  neutralize  acids, 
forming  salts  of  a  very  bitter  taste,  all  of  which  are  apparently 
,  amorphous.  Codamine  melts  at  121°  C,  and  congeals  on  cool- 
ing. With  strong  nitric  acid  it  forms  a  dark  green  solution, 
which  after  a  while  turns  brighter ;  with  strong  sulphuric  acid  it 
forms  a  blue  solution. 
Lanthopine^Q^^ib^^ i — forms  a  white  tasteless  crystallinic 
powder,  soluble  in  chloroform,  but  very  little  in  alcohol,  ether 
and  benzene ;  with  strong  nitric  acid  it  forms  a  dark  red  resin, 
which  gradually  dissolves  in  the  acid  ;  strong  sulphuric  acid  dis- 
solves lanthopine  with  purple  color.  Its  salts  crystallize,  and  their 
solutions  are  liable  to  deposit  precipitates  in  a  gelatinous  con- 
dition. 
Thehame — C19H21NO3,  — crystallizes    in  beau- 
tiful colorless  crystals,  much  like  benzoic  acid,  and  also  in  solid 
prisms.  It  melts  at  193°  C,  and  on  cooling  recrystallizes. 
Thebaine  is  readily  soluble  in  alcohol, ,  benzene  and  chloroform, 
but  nearly  insoluble  in  cold  water  ;  140  parts  ether  are  required 
to  dissolve  1  part  of  thebaine ;  its  solutions  are  tasteless ;  its 
alcoholic  solution  blues  red  litmus  paper,  and  neutralizes  sulphu- 
ric acid.  Strong  nitric  and  sulphuric  acids  decompose  thebaine, 
the  latter  producing  a  deep  pink  solution,  which,  when  diluted 
with  water,  forms,  on  addition  of  ammonia,  a  white  amor- 
phous precipitate,  which  successively  turns  blue,  green,  red  and 
brown  ;  if,  however,  diluted  sulphuric  acid  had  been  used  for  the 
solution  of  the  alkaloid,  the  sulphates  of  thebaine  and  thebai- 
cine  are  formed  without  change  of  color. 
Thehenine  forms  a  white,  flocky  precipitate,  little  soluble  in 
boiling  alcohol  and  ammonia,  insoluble  in  ether  and  benzene, 
but  freely  soluble  in  potassium  hj-drate  solution ;  it  neutralizes 
hydrochloric  and  sulphuric  acids,  and  forms  with  the  latter  a 
beautiful  blue  solution,  which  discolors  on  dilution  with  water, 
but  which  restores  the  dark  color  on  further  addition  of  strong 
sulphuric  acid.  The  chlorhydrate  of  thjcbenine  is  to  all  appear- 
ance no  poison,  whilst  the  analogous  thebaine  is  one  of  the  most 
powerful  poisons. 
