404 
GLEANINGS  FROM  GERMAN  JOURNALS. 
filtered  and  quickly  evaporated  in  a  steambath,  the  residue  dried 
and  powdered.— 232,  233. 
Paricina  was  discovered  by  Winkler  in  1845.  Weidenbusch's 
analysis  gave  results  nearlj  agreeing  with  the  composition  of 
aricina,  which  induced  Gerhardt  to  regard  it  as  amorphous  ari- 
cina.  Winkler  observed  (1865)  that,  like  bebii'ina,  its  solutions 
are  precipitated  by  nitric  acid,  and  that  the  two  otherwise  agree 
in  their  chemical  behavior.  Fllickiger  (1869)  assumes  the  iden- 
tity of  the  two  (with  buxina  or  pelosina)  and  suggests  that  pari- 
cina might  be  obtained  from  all  cinchona  barks,  being  probably 
contained  in  the  precipitate  occasioned  by  iodide  of  potassium. 
0.  Hesse  has  during  the  last  eight  years  often  attempted  to  ob- 
tain paricina  from  the  mother-liquors  of  quinia,  by  mixing  them 
with  concentrated  nitric  acid,  but  always  without  success.  He 
also  directs  attention  to  the  statement  of  Fllickiger  that  pelosina 
turns  polarized  light  to  the  right,  while  paricina  is  without  effect' 
upon  it  (De  Vry),  and  argues  that  paricina  must  still  be  regarded 
as  a  distinct  cinchona  alkaloid. — Ibid.  235-237,  from  Ber.  d. 
Deutschen  Chem.  Gesellsch.  zu  Berlin,  1870,  3Ia7/,  232. 
Yield  of  extracts. — E.  Schwabe  has  obtained  the  following 
amount  of  extract  from  best  Smyrna  opium:  44*44,  37'50, 
54*15  per  ct.  From  socotrine  aloes  the  author  obtained  by  the 
process  of  the  Prussian  pharmacopoeia  (cold  water)  31*25  and 
12-5  per  ct.  extract,  from  hepatic  aloes  48  per  ct.,  and  from  Cape 
aloes  16-6  per  ct.— Ibid.  241,  242. 
Balsam  of  Peru. — E.  Schwabe  states  that  when  1  grm.  pure 
balsam  of  Peru  is  triturated  in  a  mortar  with  5  drops  concen- 
trated sulphuric  acid,  cinnamein  is  converted  into  resin,  and  the 
balsam  assumes  the  consistence  of  a  pilular  mass,  of  a  grey 
brown  color.  Adulterations  with  castor  oil  or  copaiva  balsam 
are  shown  by  the  soft  consistence  of  this  mass. — Ibid,  242,  243. 
Conia  in  hemlock  fruit. — Prof.  V.  Schroff  arrives  at  the  fol- 
lowing conclusions  from  his  experiments  :  1.  The  unripe  fruit  of 
Conium  maculatum  of  the  first  year's  growth  contains  the  least 
quantity  of  conia.  2.  The  largest  proportion  is  found  in  the 
well  developed  unripe  fruit  of  plants  of  the  second  year's 
growth,  just  previous  to  ripening.  3.  The  ripe  fruits,  occurring 
only  on  the  second  year's  plants,  are  intermediate  in  the  amount 
