A  January Pih™"}      Adulterations  of  Essential  Oils.  g 
Pinus  Sylvestris,  Scotch  oil  of  fir,  coal  oil,  turpentine.  Very  little 
genuine  is  to  be  had. 
Rose. — The  leaves  of  rosa  alba  added  to  the  Bulgarian  rose,  as 
the  oil  from  this  mixture  contains  more  stearoptene,  so  that  the 
distiller  is  able  to  add  more  geranium  oil  without  reducing  the 
melting  point  below  the  minimum.  Indian  geranium  or  ginger- 
grass,  palmarosa,  true  oil  of  rhodium,  light  paraffin  oils,  fixed  oils, 
guaiac  wood  oil,  alcohol,  spermaceti,  paraffin.  This  is  the  record 
breaker  for  number  of  adulterations. 
Rhodium,  a  mixture  of  rose  and  copaiba. 
Rosemary,  camphor  and  lavender,  turpentine,  spike  oil,  petroleum 
oil,  alcohol,  rectified  camphor  oil.  * 
Rue,  turpentine,  coal  oil. 
Sandal,  "  German"  mixture  of  sandal-English  and  copaiba. 
Sandal,  "  East  India"  or  "  English"  castor  oil,  copaiba,  fatty  oils, 
cedarwood,  oil  of  gurjun,  West  India  sandals.  Chloroform  and 
alcohol  were  found  in  one  sample  that  is  said  to  have  answered  the 
U.S.P.  requirements.  This  oil  should  be  from  one  to  two  years  old, 
as  ageing  considerably  improves  the  fineness  of  the  aroma.  The 
U.S.P.  requires  a  specific  gravity  0-970  to  0  978.  Ten  observers, 
including  Schimmel,  Umney,  Parry,  Bush  and  Squires,  average 
0-971  to  0-979.  Optical  rotation,  —  120  to  —  200  ;  santalol,  from 
86  to  98  per  cent. 
A  safe  average  for  a  good  oil  would  be,  optical  rotation,  from 
—  170  to  —  190  ;  specific  gravity,  0-975  at  lS°  C->  an<^  santalol  at 
least  90  per  cent.  A  lot  of  oil  made  by  a  certain  firm  had  a 
specific  gravity  of  0-9767;  optical  rotation,  —  I7'5°;  contained 
97-16  per  cent,  of  santalol,  and  was  freely  soluble  in  five  volumes  of 
70  per  cent,  alcohol. 
Savin,  juniper,  turpentine.  Mr.  Dohme  found  80  per  cent,  of 
turpentine  in  one  sample. 
Sassafras,  safrol,  coal  oil,  oil  of  camphor. 
Spearmint,  turpentine. 
Spruce,  turpentine. 
Tansy,  spruce,  turpentine. 
Thuja,  cedar,  pine  leaf,  turpentine. 
Thyme,  camphor,  turpentine.  A  recent  examination  showed 
that  a  pure  article  can  be  obtained,  but  generally  it  runs  very  low 
in  phenol  content. 
