232 
Animal  Parasites  in  Man. 
Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
May,  01. 
physician  in  the  following  manner  :  The  site  of  incision  is  over  the 
outer  head  of  the  gastrocnemius  muscle,  and  after  this  area  is  surgi- 
cally cleansed  the  parts  are  anaesthetized  by  injecting  a  solution  of 
cocoaine  hydrochlorate.  First  inject  the  skin  and  then  the  deeper 
structures  down  to  the  sheath  of  the  muscle.  When  anaesthesia  is  pro- 
duced an  incision  is  made  dividing  all  tissues  to  the  muscle's  sheath, 
which  is  grasped  by  a  rat-tooth  forceps  and  incised,  after  which  a 
small  portion  of  the  muscle  is  dissected  and  placed  in  a  vessel  con- 
taining water.  Glycerine  and  alcohol  arrest  all  movements  of  the 
parasite.  The  wound  is  now  closed  and  dressed  antiseptically.  A 
small  piece  of  this  tissue  is  placed  on  a  slide  and  teased,  by  means 
of  fine  needles,  until  most  of  its  fibres  appear  to  be  separated.  The 
Fig.  3.— T.  echinococcus.  Scolex  Fig.  4. — Trichina  spiralis  in  muscle 
and  hooklets  (B.  from  outer  head,  left  gastrocnemius. 
Twenty-first  day  of  disease  (Queen,  %). 
addition  of  a  few  drops  of  water  to  the  specimen  renders  the  teasing 
process  less  difficult.  The  slide  is  now  viewed  under  a  low  power 
{%),  and  if  trichinae  are  present  their  recognition  is  easy  (Figs.  4. 
and  5);  however,  a  very  low  illumination  is  required.  After  a  few 
weeks  the  trichina  become  incapsulated  by  the  patient's  tissues, 
when  they  appear  as  small  solid  bodies  showing  a  parasite  tightly 
coiled  in  their  centre.  Trichina  are  also  well  preserved  by  any 
mounting  medium  containing  glycerine. 
Distoma  Hcematobia  (Bilharz). — The  adult  parasite  is  probably 
located  in  the  veins  of  the  bladder,  and  there  deposits  its  ova  which 
find  their  way  into  the  bladder  or  bowel,  and  appear  in  the  urine 
or  stools.    Bilharz's  parasite  is  a  common  cause  of  bloody  urine  in 
