264  Developments  in  Organic  Compounds.     /Am- Jonr- Pharm- 
June,  1901. 
in  a  marked  diminution  or  total  disappearance  of  their  action,  as 
for  example 
Benzole  C6H6  Benzoic  acid  QH-COOH 
OH 
Phenol   C6H5OH        Para-phenol  sulphonic  acid  C6H/ 
XS03H 
Phenyl  sulphonic  acid  C6H5  —  O  —  SOsH 
7OH 
Ortho-phenol  carboxylic  acidC6H  ' 
XCOOH 
Naphtalin  C10HS  Naphtoic  acid  C10H7COOH 
Ammonia  NH3  Glycocoll  GH2NH2COOH 
OH  Morphin  sulphonic  acid 
Morphin  C17H  /  .OH 
NO— OH  C,yHM 
XO— S03H 
(May  be  given  in  five  times  the  morphin  dose.) 
OH 
tvt    Ui.  1     11      r  tt  \     a  non-toxic  derivative  of  toxic 
Naphtol  yellow  ClQH4  ^-  (N02)2  Martiu,g  yeUow 
SO3H 
It  is  immaterial  if  the  sulphonic  acid  group  is  united  to  a  carbon 
or  oxygen. 
The  toxicity  of  the  organic  acids  decreases  with  the  increase  of 
carboxyl  groups,  as  from  formic  and  acetic  acids  to  tartaric  and 
citric  acids.  The  toxic  characters  of  oxalic  acid  [(COOH)2]  are  due 
to  the  double 
Co 
Co 
carboxyl  group  which  in  effect  resembles  the  dicyanogen 
Cn 
The  stability  of  the  carboxyl  and  sulphonic  acid  groups  serves  to 
protect  these  derivatives  from  breaking  up  in  the  system  and  exert- 
ing toxic  action.  That  certain  groups  lose  their  specific  action 
through  simple  changes  in  the  molecular  structure  is  explained 
physiologically  in  that  certain  cell  groups  of  the  organism  exert  a 
