Am'jJuiy?iloifrm'}    Developments  in  Organic  Compounds.  333 
Each  of  these  possesses  slightly  different  characters  as  regards 
solubility,  rapidity  of  action,  varied  elimination  of  toxic  effects,  etc. 
Owing  to  the  insolubility  of  phenacetin,  one  of  the  earliest 
endeavors  was  to  obtain  a  compound  sufficiently  soluble  to  enable 
its  employment  in  solution.  This  was  accomplished  by  the  addition 
of  a  basic  group,  glycocoll  (amido  acetic  acid),  which,  through  its 
amido  group,  is  capable  of  uniting  with  other  acids  and  forming 
very  soluble  salts. 
Phenocoll  C6H4; 
OC2H, 
NHCH.NH.CO  .  HC1. 
Amido-acet-para-phenetidin  hydrochlorid.  The  soluble  salts  are 
the  hydrochlorid,  acetate  and  salicylate  (Salocoll). 
All  antipyretics  act  in  a  greater  or  lesser  degree  on  the  blood  in 
which  the  oxyhemoglobin  is  converted  into  methaemoglobin  and 
the  respiratory  capacity  lessened  and  the  red  blood-corpuscles 
modified,  the  blood  pigment  at  times  being  set  free. 
According  to  Schmitt  these  remedies  may  be  divided  into  the  fol- 
lowing classes : 
(1)  Antipyretics,  which  in  moderate  doses  oxidize  the  haemo- 
globin, as  antipyrin  and  phenacetin. 
(2)  Remedies  which  in  moderate  doses  fix  the  methaemoglobin 
within  the  blood-corpuscles  as  thallin,  antithermin,  kairin,  exalgin, 
methacetin,  acetyl  amido-phenol. 
(3)  Remedies  which  fix  the  methaemoglobin,  destroy  the  red 
corpuscles  and  set  free  the  methaemoglobin  which  appears  in  the 
urine,  lor  example,  acetanilid,  benzanilid,  formanilid,  pyrodin,  etc. 
The  ideal  antipyretic  and  antineuralgic  with  a  specific  antimalarial 
action  has  not  as  yet  been  found,  and  will  not  until  either  accident 
or  a  more  accurate  knowledge  of  the  structure  of  quinin  furnishes 
the  means. 
LOCAL  ANESTHETICS. 
On  hydrolizing  cocain  with  mineral  acids,  methyl  alcohol  and 
benzoic  acid  with  the  nucleus  Ecgonin  result,  neither  possesses  local 
anaesthetic  action. 
It  does  not  matter  which  alkyl  radical  replaces  the  methyl  of  the 
COOCH3  group,  the  homologue  retains  the  typical  properties  ot 
cocain. 
