As^pSef,hi9oim*}  International  Congresses.  431 
they  were  founded  on  principle  and  the  rock  of  truth  itself.  In 
non-essentials  he  would  often  yield  because  he  knew  that  the  great 
principles  for  which  he  contended,  would  be  all  the  stronger 
if  he  did  not  degenerate  into  a  mere  pessimist  or  chronic  objector. 
He  loved  to  quote  when  standing  alone,  bereft  of  the  support  of  his 
friends  on  some  important  question,  the  famous  words  of  the  orator, 
"  God  a7id  one  are  a  majority." 
THE  INTERNATIONAL  PHARMACEUTICAL 
CONGRESSES. 
By  Dr.  Fr.  Hoffmann. 
( Concluded  from  p.  383. ) 
A  FURTHER  MOVE  TO  HAVE  THE  CONGRESS  MEET  IN  THE  UNITED 
STATES. 
The  choice  of  Milan  as  the  place  for  convening  the  seventh 
meeting  of  the  International  Pharmaceutical  Congress  had  been 
made  without  a  preceding  invitation  by,  or  inquiry  at,  Italian 
pharmaceutical  associations.  The  choice,  however,  was  politely 
accepted  by  them  and  a  general  committee  on  organization  formed 
consisting  of  Professors  Cannizzaro,  of  Rome,  Vitali,  of  Milan,  Dr. 
Pessina,  of  Milan,  and  Messrs.  Castoldi and  Ventutini,  of  Milan.  This 
committee,  as  well  as  that  of  the  Pharmaceutical  Societies  of  Lom- 
bardy,  made  strenuous  efforts  for  a  creditable  and  successful  consum- 
mation of  the  duty  imposed  upon  them.  Invitations  \vere  sent  out,  but 
again  repealed  and  the  time  of  meeting  postponed  for  another  year. 
In  1889  a  new  law  affecting  the  admission  to,  and  the  exercise  of, 
the  practice  of  pharmacy  had  been  promulgated  in  Italy  and  en- 
gaged the  interest  and  anxiety  of  the  pharmacists  to  such  an  extent 
that  they  felt  little  disposition  to  diverge  their  attention  and  concern 
to  outside  affairs.  In  consequence  the  committees  formed  failed  to 
meet  with  the  requisite  encouragement  and  support  by  both  the 
authorities  and  the  pharmacists. 
In  1889  the  committee  by  a  circular  letter  again  postponed  the 
meeting  to  1 89 1  on  account  of  the  International  Exposition  taking 
place  in  Paris  in  1889.  In  this  circular  a  remarkable  departure 
occurred  both  in  the  matter  of  the  objects  and  in  the  choice  of  the 
participants  of  the  congress.    As  entitled  to  admittance  the  follow- 
