fio8    Migration  of  Plants  from  Europe  to  America.  { ^""-/eCisso."""'' 
The  Henbane,  a  dangerous  narcotic  [Hyoscyamus  niger)^  is  sparingly  diffused  in 
some  places.  It  may  be  found  in  tolerable  abundance  on  Fletcher's  Field,  near 
Montreal,  showing  the  same  predilection  as  in  England  for  dunghills  and  heaps  of 
old  bricks  und  mortar. 
The  Thorn  Apple  [Datura  stramonium)^  a  native  of  Asia  and  Europe,  where  it 
extends  as  far  north  as  Sweden,  is  scantily  met  with  in  England,  having  escaped 
from  gardens,  where  it  prefers  similar  spots  to  those  chosen  by  the  Henbane.  But 
it  has  been  introduced  into  this  country  where,  under  a  new  name,  "Jamestown 
(Jimson)  Weed,"  it  is  only  too  well  known.  The  American  name  seems  to  indicate 
that  it  was  introduced  or  first  noticed  as  a  nuisance  in  the  neighborhood  of  James- 
town, Virginia. 
The  Common  Hemp  [Cannabis  satinja),  so  valued  for  its  fibre,  a  native  of  the 
Caucasus  and  of  the  mountains  of  Northern  India,  only  known  in  Western  Europe 
in  cultivation,  and  doubtless  early  brought  here  for  economic  purposes,  has  run 
completely  wild,  and  may  now  be  found  in  waste  land  near  human  dwellings,  from 
the  streets  of  Montreal  and  Boston  to  the  west  of  Ohio,  and  probably  farther  still. 
The  Grape  Hyacinth  [Muscari  botryoides),  znd  the  Star  of  Bethlehem  (Orw/V/'O- 
galum  umbellatum)^  both  common  English  garden  flowers,  may  be  occasionally 
found  in  the  vicinity  of  Montreal,  as  if  longing,  yet  fearing,  to  strike  for  freedom 
from  the  control  of  man  in  their  new  country. 
The  Corn  Cockle  (^Lychnis  gitkago),  so  mischievous  in  English  wheat  fields,  is 
tolerably  common  here  in  similar  places,  but  has  not  succeeded  in  establishing  itself 
outside  of  the  protection  of  man.  The  same  may,  in  the  northern  districts,  be  said 
of  the  common  Red  Clover  [Trifolium  pratense).  In  spite  of  its  deep  tap  root  and 
rank  growth,  it  is  unable  to  bear  the  cold,  and  an  occasional  severe  winter  will  exter- 
minate it  if  unprotected,  even  in  cultivated  fields.  Its  near  relative,  however,  the 
White  Clover  [Trifolium  repens)  was  introduced  in  early  days,  and  called  by  the 
Indians,  "  White  Man's  Foot."  Longfellow  sings  in  the  story  of  Hiawatha  : 
"  Wheresoe'er  they  tread,  beneath  them 
Springs  a  flower  unknown  among  us — 
Springs  the  White  Man's  Foot  in  blossom." 
This  is  much  more  hardy  and  seldom  yields  except  to  the  severest  frosts.  It  over- 
runs field  and  wayside,  fence-corner  and  common,  holding  its  own  against  even  the 
aborigines,  and  strangling  them  out  by  its  tangled  perennial  roots.  Early  in  the 
spring  it  secures  such  headway  that  larger  and  coarser  plants  are  compelled  to  give 
way.  Its  flowers  afford  the  honey  bee  so  rich  a  harvest  that  its  seeds  are  surely  fer- 
tilized, and  this  double  method  c  f  reproduction  by  root  and  by  seed  gives  it  such  an 
advantage  in  the  struggle  for  existence  that  it  has  spread  rapidly  over  the  country, 
and  many  an  American  common  is  as  white  with  its  flowers  as  is  an  English  lawn 
with  daisies.  It  is  worthy  of  notice  that  similar  results  have  attended  the  introduc- 
tion of  this  plant  into  New  Zealand.  There  also  it  has  run  wild,  and  is  said  to  be 
pushing  out  some  of  the  native  species,  among  others  the  hard  and  stiff  New  Zea- 
land flax  [Phormium  tenax)^  which  is  said  to  be  unable  to  hold  its  ground  against  the 
strangling  roots  of  the  White  Clover. 
The  English  Buttercup  [Ranunculus  acris),  beloved  of  English  children  and  poets, 
especially  of  the  school  of  Wordsworth,  has  overrun  the  northeast,  and  the  writer 
