192 
Xanthoxylum  Caroiinianum, 
Am.  Jour.  Pharrri. 
April,  1879. 
These  crystals,  after  freeing  from  oil  by  washing  with  benzin,  and 
repeated  crystallization  from  alcohol,  were  obtained  in  tasteless,  color- 
less silky  needles,  readily  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether  and  chloroform, 
less  soluble  in  benzin,  insoluble  in  boiling  water  or  solution  of  potassa. 
When  heated  on  platinum  foil  they  fused,  and  burned  with  a  smoky 
flame.  Gently  heated  on  paper  the  substance  fuses  to  a  transparent 
resinous  mass,  which  dissolved  in  alcohol,  and  can  be  obtained  in  crys- 
tals on  evaporation  of  the  solution.  From  these  reactions  it  was  con- 
sidered to  be  a  crystallizable  resin. 
The  remainder  of  the  extract,  after  treating  with  benzin,  was  repeat- 
edly washed  with  ether;  the  ether  evaporated,  and  the  residue  dissolved 
in  a  little  alcohol  and  poured  into  water,  which  precipitated  a  soft  browo' 
somewhat  acrid  resin,  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether  and  chloroform  ;  insoluble 
in  benzin,  and  but  sparingly  soluble  in  solution  of  potassa. 
The  undissolved  portion  of  the  extract  was  treated  with  water,  which 
almost  entirely  dissolved  it,  leaving  a  tasteless  residue.  The  aqueous 
solution  was  mixed  with  calcined  magnesia,  and  carefully  evaporated  to 
dryness,  and  exhausted  by  repeated  boiling  with  alcohol,  which  on  eva- 
poration left  a  bitter  yellowish  mass.  This  was  dissolved  in  water  and 
solution  of  tannin  added,  as  long  as  a  precipitate  was  produced,  which 
was  collected,  washed  with  a  little  water  mixed  with  oxide  of  lead,  and: 
carefully  dried.  This  was  treated  with  boiling  alcohol,  and  the  liquid, 
found  to  be  free  from  bitter  taste,  and  to  leave  no  residue  on  evapora- 
tion. A  portion  of  the  precipitate  which  had  been  treated  with  alcohol,, 
was  mixed  with  water,  solution  of  acetate  of  lead  added,  and  boiled  for 
a  few  minutes  and  filtered.  The  filtrate,  after  removing  the  lead  by- 
sulphuretted  hydrogen,  filtering,  and  evaporating  to  a  small  bulk,  was 
free  from  bitter  taste;  the  bitter  principle  appearing  to  have  been 
entirely  lost. 
The  drug  which  had  been  previously  exhausted  with  alcohol,  was 
next  percolated  with  water  and  yielded  a  very  bitter  infusion,  which 
was  evaporated  to  a  small  bulk  and  poured  into  alcohol,  which  precipi- 
tated a  considerable  amount  of  gum.  After  separating  the  gum,  most 
of  the  alcohol  was  recovered  by  distillation,  and  the  residue  mixed  with 
magnesia,  and  evaporated  on  a  water-bath  to  dryness.  This  was  then 
washed  with  successive  portions  of  alcohol,  until  the  washings  ceased 
to  have  a  bitter  taste,  and  the  washings  evaporated.  The  residue  was 
dissolved  in  water,  and  found  to  contain  a  small  amount  of  tannin, 
which  was  removed  by  solution  of  subacetate  of  lead.    The  lead  was 
