^"^Ap^imo!""'}  Gleanings  from  the  German  Jonrnals.  203 
2.  Loxopterygium  (Quebratschia)  Y,ox^x\X.'L\\^\Grisehach ^  N.  O.  Tere- 
binthaceae,  common  name,  Quebracho  Colorado.  The  wood  and 
bark  are  used  for  tanning  purposes  \  the  tree  grows  particularly  in  the 
province  of  Corrientes. 
3.  lodina  rhombifolia,  Hooker  et  Arnot^  N.  O.  Aquifoliaceae,  com- 
mon name,  Quebracho  flojo.  Wood  and  bark  are  often  mixed  with 
that  of  No.  2. 
4.  Machaerium  fertile,  Grisehach^  N.  O.  Leguminosae  Dalbergieae 
syn.  Tipoana  speciosa,  common  name,  Tipa.  This  tree  also  yields 
wood  and  bark  for  tanning  purposes,  both  of  which  possess  less  value 
than  No.  2. — Pharm.  Ztg.^  Jan.  31,  1880,  p.  64. 
Extract  and  Tincture  of  Quebracho. — The  "  Journ.  des  Connaiss. 
Medic."  recently  published  a  formula  for  so*called  quebracho  extract, 
according  to  which  the  quebracho  bark  is  exhausted  by  digesting  for 
eight  days  with  alcohol,  when  the  liquid  is  evaporated  to  dryness,  the 
residue  dissolved  in  water,  the  filtered  liquid  again  evaporated,  and  ulti- 
mately the  residue  is  dissolved  in  sufficient  water  to  obtain  a  prepara- 
tion having  double  the  weight  of  the  bark  used.  This  preparation  is 
of  one-half  the  strength  of  the  fluid  extracts  of  the  United  States.  Dr. 
Vulpius  considers  it  a  poorly-prepared  tincture,  which  will  not  keep^ 
and  is  sold  at  a  price  fifteen  times  as  high  as  the  original  bark.  The  foK 
lowing  formulas  are  considered  to  yield  far  superior  preparations: 
I.  Tinctura  ^ehracho  spirituosa. — Quebracho  wood,  lOO'O;  alcohol 
and  distilled  water,  of  each  225*0.  After  digesting  for  eight  days,, 
express  and  filter. 
II.  Tinctura  Quebracho  aquosa. — A  convenient  quantity  of  rasped 
quebracho  wood  is  extracted  on  a  steam-bath  twice  successively  with 
10  times  its  weight  of  water;  the  mixed  extractions  are  allowed  to  set- 
tle, strained  and  evaporated  to  the  consistence  of  a  thick  extract,  when 
sufficient  water  is  added  to  make  the  total  weight  equal  to  the  weight 
of  the  wood  used.  After  allowing  to  stand  in  a  cellar  for  a  few  days,, 
the  liquid  is  filtered,  and  sufficient  cold  water  is  added  through  the 
filter  to  make  the  weight  of  the  filtrate  again  equal  to  the  weight  of 
the  wood  used.  Both  of  these  tinctures  have  a  handsome  red  color,  a 
strong,  bitter,  astringent  taste,  and  keep  well. — Ihid,^  P'eb.  4,  1 880,  p.  7O0 
Jaborandi  leaves  have  again  been  carefully  investigated  by 
Miller  and  F.  Budee.     The  so-called  genuine  (Pernambuco)  jaborand 
of  Dr.  Coutinho  consists  of  the  leaves  of  a  Pilocarpus,  probably  of  P.  pin 
natifolius  and  P.  selloanus.     The  stems  ought  to  be  removed  because 
