296  Commercial  Extract  of  Krameria.      { ^"^^1^%^^"^- 
portion  of  the  filtrate  solution  of  calcium  hydrate  in  excess  was  added, 
but  no  reaction  was  observable  until  the  liquid  was  boiled,  when  a 
white  precipitate  formed  which  partially  dissolved  on  cooling.  These 
combined  tests  demonstrate  the  presence  of  citric  acid. 
Now  to  find  the  percentage  of  this  acid  in  the  cranberry,  100  grams 
were  bruised  and  the  juice  obtained  (bv  the  process  described  above) 
was  treated  as  before  with  calcium  carbonate  and  solution  of  calcium 
hydrate.  After  being  filtered,  and  the  precipitate  washed,  the  filtrate 
was  mixed  with  more  than  an  equal  bulk  of  alcohol,  again  filtered  and 
the  resulting  precipitate  of  calcium  citrate  dried  at  a  temperature  not 
exceeding  I49°C.  The  anhydrous  calcium  citrate  thus  obtained  was 
found  to  weigh  2*094  grams.  The  citric  acid  that  can  be  produced  there- 
from is  readily  calculated,  and  amounts  to  3^4  ^  ^  ^94  _  j.^j  gram. 
498 
An  attempt  was  made  to  estimate  the  amount  of  free  acid  in  the 
filtered  juice  by  means  of  a  decinormal  solution  of  alkali,  but,  although 
the  color  of  the  liquid  was  changed  when  made  alkaline,  the  change 
was  so  gradual  that  no  accurate  results  could  be  obtained.  For  a  like 
reason  the  change  in  the  color  of  a  litmus  solution  added  could  not  be 
noted. 
The  cranberries  used  for  the  foregoing  experiments  were  picked  the 
first  week  in  October  and  kept  in  good  condition  until  required  for  this 
analysis,  two  months  later. 
COMMERCIAL  EXTRACT  OF  KRAMERIA. 
By  John  Wilson  Hoffa,  Ph.G. 
From  an  Inaugural  Essay. 
Having  for  several  years  past  noticed  the  inferior  quality  of  different 
extracts  of  krameria  in  the  market  I  decided  to  give  them  a  fair  trial, 
and  have  obtained  the  following  results: 
The  extracts  were  procured  from  different  leading  manufacturers  of 
fluid  and  solid  extracts.  One  hundred  grains  of  each  were  powdered, 
and  macerated  for  four  days  in  4  fluidounces  of  cold  distilled  water. 
At  the  expiration  of  that  time  the  solutions  were  filtered,  and  the 
insoluble  portions  collected,  carefully  dried  and  weighed,  thus  giving 
the  amount  of  insoluble  matter  in  each. 
One  hundred  grains  of  each  extract  were  next  treated  with  4  fluid- 
ounces  of  boiling  distilled  water,  miacerated  for  four  days,  filtered  and 
the  insoluble  portion  dried  and  weighed. 
