Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
Nov.,  1880. 
Cinchonas  of  U.  S.  Commerce. 
5JS 
the  bast,  consequently  also  containing  bast  fibres.  The  periderm  con- 
sists of  tabular  cork  cells  filled  wich  cinchona  red.  Medullary  rays  2 
to  4  rowed.  Fibres  are  usually  single,  but  occasionally  in  groups  of  2 
to  4,  thick,  often  shortened,  and  yellow. 
C.  iucc'iruhra^  Pavon.  In  flat  pieces  or  quills,  the  quills  covered  on 
outside  with  a  miiky-white,  longtudinally-furrowed,  cross-marked  peri- 
derm, which  easily  separates  from  the  bast.  fVacture  fine.  Quite  thick 
middle  layer  of  about  35  rows  of  thin-walled  cells,  filled  with  a  deep- 
red  coloring  matter.  Cells  of  the  medullary  rays  are  larger  than  those 
of  the  FuUgo.wehe.  Fibres  are  orange,  in  places  in  interrupted  rows,  and 
are  frequently  tangentially  arranged.  In  the  older  barks  the  cells  of  the 
smaller  medullary  rays  can  no  longer  be  distinguished  from  the  F'dllge- 
webe^  so  that  the  broad  bast  rays  are  only  bordered  by  the  larger  medul- 
lary rays. 
C.  m'lcrantha^  Ruiz  and  Pavon.  Quills  or  flat  pieces,  the  former 
mostly  longitudinally-furrowed,  the  cross-markings  faint,  on  outside 
grayish-brown,  in  some  places  ash-gray.  Middle  layer  of  young  bark: 
is  contracted  into  a  resinous  ring;  in  older  barks  the  periphery  alone  is 
darker.  Middle  bark  consists  of  25  to  30  rows  of  thin-walled  cells, 
frequently  containing  a  crystalline  powder,  usually  without  stone  cells. 
The  cells  of  the  Filllgewehe  are  not  conspicuously  smaller  than  the  cells 
of  the  wedge-shaped  medullary  rays.  Fibres  in  interrupted  rows ;  in 
older  barks  toward  the  centre  thicker,  separate,  or  in  from  2  to  8, 
mostly  2-rowed  groups. 
C,  pitayensis^  Wedd.  Curved  plates  or  broken  pieces,  with  a  spongy, 
ochre  colore(1,  light-  or  dark-brown  layered,  square-cut,  easily-removed 
cork,  and  a  cinnamon-brown,  hard,  dense  bast ;  underside  finely  striate, 
short  and  fine-fibrous.  Middle  bark  of  about  30  cell-rows.  Medullary 
rays  wedge-shaped.  Cells  of  the  Fi'iUgewehe  not  noticeably  smaller 
than  those  of  the  medullary  rays.  (On  this  point  the  drawing  is  not 
characteristic.)  Fibres  of  uniform  thickness  in  interrupted  radial  rows. 
(One  variety  contains  a  few  stone-cells.) 
C.  lancifolia^  Mut.  Flat,  curved,  or  very  seldom  quilled,  of  varying 
thickness,  on  outer  surface  with  an  almost  silvery  white,  faint  ochre- 
yellow  cork,  somewhat  glistening,  very  soft,  easily  removed.  Bast 
ochre  colored  or  orange-yellow,  stringy ;  on  fracture  long  and  thin 
splintering.  Middle  bark  with  about  20  rows  of  cells.  Fibres  form 
single  or  double  rows,  not  seldom  found  in  groups,  mixed  with  many 
