536 
Cinchonas  of  U.  S.  Commerce. 
\m.  [our.  Pharm. 
Nov.,  1880. 
thin  stafF-cells.  The  thick-walled  "sap  cells"  (stone-cells)  forming  a 
coherent  aggregation,  are  often  found  also  in  the  outer  bast.  Cells  of 
the  medullary  rays  are  larger  than  those  of  the  FuUgewehe . 
C.  cordifolia^  Mut.  Flat,  curved  or  in  quills.  Outer  surface  quite 
even,  longitudinally-wrinkled  or  furrowed  with  soft,  yellowish,  some- 
what shining,  in  places  removed  cork.  Short  fibrous.  Bast  with  rows 
of  fewer  small  fibres.  Middle  bark  of  about  35  cell  rows.  Bast  rays 
with  small-celled  FuUgewehe.  Fibres  in  interrupted  radial  rows,  often 
in  one  region  much  more  numerous  than  in  a  neighboring,  sometimes 
very  scarce. 
C.  purpurea^  R,  and  P.  Quills,  with  quite  even,  longitudinally- 
wrinkled  cork,  occasionally  possessing  tender  cross-marks  or  even 
corkv  warts,  yellowish- white  or  yellowish  gray  (cork),  in  places  of 
whiter  color,  later  replaced  by  secondary  cork.  Middle  bark  of  35  to 
40  cell  rows.  Two  nei2;hboring  circles  of  laticiferous  ducts,  which 
later  become  filled  up  chiefly  by  endogenous  cell-building,  separate  the 
bark  from  the  bast.  T  he  wedge  shaped  medullary  rays  generally  con- 
tain stone-cells.  The  Fiillgewebe  consists  of  cells,  which  are  smaller 
than  the  tangentially  stretched  cells  of  the  medullary  rays.  Fibres 
gold-  to  orange  yellow,  indistinctly  arranged  in  tangential  zones,  occa- 
sionally united  in  groups.     Thin  staff-cells  are  found  in  the  Fiillgewebe. 
Of  the  barks  obtained  from  leading  wholesale  houses  of  New  York, 
Philadelphia,  St.  Louis,  Detroit  and  New  Orleans,  and  from  eleven 
retail  stores,  38  out  of  63  were  officinal  species. 
Of  22  barks  sold  as  true  red,  13  were  C.  succirubra,  4  C.  lancifolia, 
2  C  purpurea,  1  was  C.  cordifolia,  i  C.  peruviana  and  i  C.  calisaya. 
Of  II  specimens  designated  as  red,  ordinary  red  or  commercial  red, 
2  were  C.  succirubra,  6  C.  lancifolia,  I  was*  C.  peruviana,  1  C.  scro- 
biculata  and  i  C.  purpurea. 
Of  15  barks  sold  as  true  calisaya,  10  were  C.  calisaya,  2  C.  pitay- 
ensis,  i  was  C.  lancifolia,  i  C.  pubescens  and  1  C.  scrobiculata. 
Of  5  barks,  ordinary  or  commercial  yellow,  3  were  C.  calisaya,  i 
was  C.  officinalis  and  i  C.  pitayensis. 
Five  pale  or  gray  barks  were  found  to  be  C.  micrantha  i,  C.  offici- 
nalis I,  C.  pitayensis  i,  C.  calisaya  i,  and  C,  glandulifera  i. 
Three  pitayo  barks  were  each  C.  pitayensis,  and  two  barks  sold  as 
Columbian  were  found  to  be  of  the  proper  species  of  this  commercial 
bark — C.  lancifolia  and  C.  cordifolia. 
